This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Altman, I., Nelson, P. A., & Lett, E. E. The ecology of home environments.Man Environment Systems, 1972,2, 189–191.
Appleyard, D. Styles and methods of structuring a city.Environment and Behavior, 1970,2, 100–117.
Barker, R. G.The stream of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963.
Barker, R. G. & Gump, P. V.Big school, small school. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964.
Barker, R. G.Ecological psychology. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1968.
Bechtel, R. B., Achelpohl, C., & Binding, F. R. S.East side, west side and midwest. Kansas City, Missouri: Greater Kansas City Mental Health Foundation, Epidemiological Field Station, 1970.
Boulding, K. E.The image. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1956.
Bower, E. M. Primary prevention of emotional disorders: A conceptual framework and action possibilities.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1963,33, 832–848.
Canter, D. V. Should we treat building users as subjects or objects? In D. Canter (Ed.),Architectural Psychology. London: R. I. B. A. Publications, 1970.
Caplan, G.Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, 1964.
Coates, G., & Sanoff, H. Behavioral mapping: The ecology of child behavior in a planned residential setting. In W. J. Mitchell (Ed.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: University of California, 1972.
Cowen, E. L., Gardner, E. A., & Zax, M.Emergent approaches to mental health problems. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.
Craik, K. H. Environmental psychology.Annual Review of Psychology, 1973,24, 403–422.
Durlak, J. T., Beardsley, B. E., & Murray, J. S. Observation of user activity patterns in open and traditional plan school environments. In W. J. Mitchell (Ed.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: University of California, 1972.
Fried, M. Grieving for a lost home: Psychological costs of relocation. In J. Q. Wilson (Ed.),Urban renewal: The record and the controversy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1966.
Harrison, J., & Sarre, P. Personal construct theory in the measurement of environmental images: Problems and methods.Environment and Behavior, 1971,3, 351–353.
Hershberger, R. G. Toward a set of semantic scales to measure the meaning of architectural environments. In W. J. Mitchell (Ed.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: University of California, 1972.
Honikman, B. An investigation of the relationship between construing of the environment and its physical form. In W. J. Mitchell (Ed.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: University of California, 1972.
Ittelson, W. H., Proshansky, H. N., & Rivlin, L. G. The environmental psychology of the psychiatric ward. In Proshansky et al. (Eds.),Environmental psychology: Man and his physical setting. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970a.
Ittelson, W. H., Proshansky, H. M., & Rivlin, L. G. The use of behavioral maps in environmental psychology. In Proshansky et al. (Eds.),Environmental psychology: Man and his physical setting. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970b.
Kasmar, J. V. The development of a usable lexicon of environmental descriptors.Environment and Behavior, 1970,2, 153–169.
Kelly, G. A.The psychology of personal constructs. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton, 1955.
Kelly, J. G. Ecological constraints on mental health services.American Psychologist, 1966,21, 535–539.
Kelly, J. G. Toward an ecological conception of preventive interventions. In J. W. Carter (Ed.),Research constributions from psychology to community mental health. New York: Behavioral Publications, 1968.
Kelly, J. G. Naturalistic observations in contrasting social environments. In E. P. Willems, & H. L. Raush (Eds.),Naturalistic viewpoints in psychological research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.
Kern, A. S. The perception of community environments: The use of phenomenological community maps in rural and suburban areas. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, York University, Canada, 1973.
Klein, D. C. The community and mental health: An attempt at a conceptual framework.Community Mental Health Journal, 1965,1 301–308.
Ladd, F. Black youths view their environment: Neighborhood maps.Environment and Behavior, 1970,2, 74–99.
Lee, T. Urban neighborhood as a socio-spatial schema.Human Relations, 1968,21, 241–268.
Lewin, K.Principles of topological psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1936.
Lowenthal, D. Research in environmental perception and behavior: Perspectives on current problems.Environment and Behavior, 1972,4, 333–342.
Lynch, K.The image of the city. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press and Harvard University Press, 1960.
McKechnie, G. E. Measuring environmental disposition with the Environmental Response Inventory. In J. Archer & C. Eastman (Eds.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles, University of California, 1970.
Moore, G. T. Conceptual issues in the study of environmental cognition: An introduction. In W. J. Mitchell (Ed.),Environmental design: Research and practice. Environmental Design Research Association Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles, University of California, 1972.
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. H.The measurement of meaning. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1957.
Porteous, J. D. Design with people: The quality of the urban environment.Environment and Behavior, 1971,3, 155–178.
Proshansky, H. M. Ittelson, W. H., & Rivlin, L. G. The influence of the physical environment on behavior: Some basic assumptions. In H. M. Proshansky, W. H. Ittelson, & L. G. Rivlin (Eds.),Environmental psychology: Man and his physical setting. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970.
Rivlin, L. G., & Wolfe, M. The early history of a psychiatric hospital for children: Expectations and reality.Environment and Behavior, 1972,4, 33–72.
Satir, V.Conjoint family therapy. Palo Alto, California: Science and Behavior Books, 1964.
Stea, D., & Downs, R. M. From the outside looking in at the inside looking out.Environment and Behavior, 1970,2, 3–12.
Sonnenfeld, J. Personality and behavior in environment.Proceedings of the Association of American Geographers. 1969,1, 136–140.
Stringer, P. Architecture, psychology, the game's the same. In D. Canter (Ed.),Architectural Psychology. London: R. I. B. A. Publications, 1970.
Tolman, E. C. Cognitive maps in rats and men.Psychological Review, 1948,56, 189–208.
Trickett, J. J., Kelly, J. G., & Todd, D. M. The social environment of the high school: Guidelines for individual change and organizational redevelopment. In S. Golan & C. Eisdorfer (Eds.),Handbook of community mental health. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972.
Wicker, A. W. Undermanning, performances and students' subjective experiences in behavior settings of large and small high schools.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968,10, 255–261.
Wicker, A. W. Size of church memberships and members' support of church behavior settings.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1969a,13, 278–288.
Wicker, A. W. Cognitive complexity, school size and participation in school behavior settings.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1969b,60, 200–203.
Wicker, A. W. Processes which mediate behavior-environment congruence.Journal of Behavioral Science, 1972,17, 265–277.
Willems, E. P., & Raush, H. L.Naturalistic viewpoints in psychological research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weinstein, M., Frankel, M. Ecological and psychological approaches to community psychology. Am J Commun Psychol 2, 43–52 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00894153
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00894153