Conclusions
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1.
Variation of the thermoelectromotive force during the tempering of carbon steels occurs in three stages, corresponding to the three stages of tempering. The first stage is the segregation of carbon atoms from the solid solution into dislocations, the second is the formation of atmospheres of carbon atoms around the dislocations, and the third is the outset of segregation of low-temperature ε-carbide.
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2.
After hardening and between tempering stages, TEMF varies continuously without delays.
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Additional information
G. I. Nosov Mining and Metallurgical Institute, Magnitogorsk. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 9 pp. 8–10, September, 1982.
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Kochkin, Y.P., Kushchev, V.I. & Shmelev, P.Y. Kinetics of the variation in the thermoelectromotive force in the process of the first transformation during the tempering of carbon steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 24, 600–602 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769312
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769312