Abstract
This article provides an overview of the problem of infectious disease outbreaks in infant/toddler daycare centers. The economic costs incurred by the daycare center attendees' families and employers, and the center itself are presented as just one rationale for the implementation of effective infection control programs. A review of the daycare center infectious disease literature provides an overview of the most common pathogens encountered in these settings and the health implications for center children, their families, and the center staff. A model for understanding infectious disease transmission in a daycare center setting is presented to illustrate the discussion in the text. The article concludes with a review of infection control practices, research findings on the effectiveness of certain practices, and suggestions for the implementation of an effective infection control program.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, C., Zinzeleta, E., Mackenzie, E., Vernon, A., and Markowitz, R. (1990). Acute gastrointestinal illness and child care arrangements.American Journal of Epidemiology, 131(1), 124–131.
Andersen, R., Bale, J., and Murph, J. (1986).Infections in Children: A Sourcebook for Educators and Child Care Providers. Rockville, MD: Aspen Publishers.
Anderson, L., Parker, R., Strikas, R., Farrar, J., Gangarosa, E., Keyserling, H., and Sikes, R. (1988). Day-care center attendance and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illness.Pediatrics, 82(3), 300–307.
Bartlett, A., Jarvis, B., Ross, V., Katz, T., Dalia, M., Englender, S., and Anderson, L. (1988). Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers: Effects of active surveillance and staff training without subsequent monitoring.American Journal of Epidemiology, 127, 808–817.
Bartlett, A., Moore, M., Gary, G., Starko, K., Erben, J., and Meredith, B. (1985). Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. II. Comparison with day care homes and households.The Journal of Pediatrics, 107(4), 503–509.
Bell, D., Gleiber, D., Mercer, A., Phifer, R., Guinter, R., Cohen, A., Epstein, E., and Narayanan, M. (1989). Illness associated with child day care: A study of incidence and cost.American Journal of Public Health, 79(4), 479–484.
Belsky, J. (1988). The “effects” of infant day care reconsidered.RIE, June.
Berkelman, R., Guinan, M., and Thacker, S. (1989). What is the health impact of day care attendance on infants and preschoolers?Public Health Reports, 104(1), 101–103.
Black, R., Dykes, A., Anderson, K., Wells, J., Sinclair, S., Gary, G., Hatch, M., and Gangarosa, E. (1981). Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers.American Journal of Epidemiology, 113(4), 445–451.
Brunell, P. (1987). Infections in day-care centers.American Journal of Diseases of Childhood, 141, 404–405.
CDC. (1988). Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings.MMWR, 37, 377–388.
Crossan, R., Black, S., Trumpp, C., Grossman, M., Le, C., and Yeager, A. (1986). Infections in day care centers.Current Problems in Pediatrics, 16(3), 125–179.
Denny, F., and Collier, A. (1986). Acute respiratory infections in day care.Reviews of Infectious Dieases, 8(4), 527–532.
Doyle, A. (1987). Indidence of illness in early group and family day care.Pediatrics, 58(4), 607–613.
Egbuonu, L., and Starfield, B. (1982). Child health and social status.Pediatrics, 69(5), 550–557.
Enkanem, E., DuPont, H., Pickering, L., Selwyn, B., and Hawkins, C. (1983). Transmission dynamics of enteric bacteria in day-care centers.American Journal of Epidemiology, 118, 562–572.
Goodman, R., osterholm, M., Granoff, D., and Pickering, L. (1984). Infectious diseases and child day care.Pediatrics, 74, 134–139.
Haskins, R., and Kotch, J. (1986). Day care and illness: Evidence, costs, and public policy.Pediatrics, 77(Supplement), 951–982.
Johansen, A., Leibowitz, A., and Waite, L. (1988). Child care and children's illness.American Journal of Public Health, 78(9), 1175–1177.
Kendall, E., Aronson, S., Goldberg, S., and Smith, H. (1986). Training for child day care staff and for licensing and regulatory personnel in the prevention of disease transmission.Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 8(4), 651–656.
Klein, J. (1986). Infections disease and day care.Reviews of Infections Diseases, 8(4), 521–526.
Kovar, M. and Dawson, D. (1988). The health status of preschool and school-age children. In H. Wallace, G. Ryan, and A. Oglesby (Eds.),Maternal and Child Health Practices. (3rd Edition), Oakland, CA: Third Party Publishing Co.
Larson, E. (1989). Handwashing: It's essential even when you use gloves.American Journal of Nursing, 89(7), 934–939.
Loda, F., Glezen, W., and Clyde, W. (1972). Respiratory disease in group day care.Pediatrics, 49(3), 428–437.
McCormick, M. (1985). The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity.The New England Journal of Medicine, 312(2), 82–90.
McDonough, B. (1989). Diagnosing day care: What are the health implications for your child?Delaware Today. May, pp. 53–57.
Miller, C., Fine, A., and Adams-Taylor, S. (1989).Monitoring Children's Health: Key Indicators. (2nd Edition). Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
Nelson, P. (1987).Research Update: Is Day Care Helpful to Infants? Newark, DE: Cooperative Extension Service.
Pickering, L., Bartlett, A., and Woodward, W. (1986). Acute infectious diarrhea among children in day care: Epidemiology and control.Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 8(4), 539–547.
Pickering, L. and Woodward, W. (1982). Diarrhea in day care centers.Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 1, 47–52.
Smith, D. (1986). Common day care diseases: Patterns and prevention.Pediatric Nursing, 12(3), 175–179.
Sterne, G., Hinman, A., and Schmid, S. (1986). Potential health benefits of child day care attendance.Reviews of Infectious Disease, 8(4), 660–662.
Strangert, K. (1976). Respiratory illness in preschool children with different forms of day care.Pediatrics, 57(2), 191–196.
Taylor, J. and Taylor, W. (1989).Communicable Disease and Young Children in Group Settings. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.
TCDCIDSG (The Child Day Care Infectious Disease Study Group). (1984). Public health considerations of infectious diseases in child day-care centers.American Journal of Epidemiology, 118, 562–572.
Trumpp, C. and Karasic, R. (1983). Management of communicable diseases in day-care centers.Pediatric Annals, 12, 219–229.
Wald, E., Dashefsky, B., Byers, C., Guerra, N., and Taylor, F. (1988). Frequency and severity of infections in day care.The Journal of Pediatrics, 112(4), 540–546.
Zigler, E. and Muenchow, S. (1986). Infectious diseases in day care: Parallels between psychologically and physically healthy care.Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 8(4), 514–520.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hutchinson, M.K. Infectious diseases and infection control in infant-toddler daycare centers. Child Youth Care Forum 21, 183–193 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00757569
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00757569