Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The drop model of atomic structure

  • Published:
Journal of Structural Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

  1. 1.

    In making models of the microstructure ideas from all three states of matter are applied equally and simultaneously. Depending on the type of interactions involved traits are displayed which are characteristics of one or other of the states, and these are united through wave mechanics and statistics and subjected to quantum limitations.

  2. 2.

    By approximating the electrons to drops flowing around the centrally placed nucleus, it is possible to explain logically the sphericity of any type of ion, the formation of electron levels with constant width, and this suggestion combines harmoniously with the drop theory of the atomic nucleus (Frenkel, Bohr, and Kal'kar) to give a unified model of the atom.

  3. 3.

    The change in size of atoms with increasing charge is discussed as the effects of pressure on the degenerate gas in the electron orbitals of the atom.

  4. 4.

    The drop model is used to obtain the equation r=R0+δ(n−η) which links the size of an ion,r, with the radius of the Bohr orbital, R0, the principal quantum number,n, and the ionic charge, η. This expression explains the regularity of the changes in radius sizes, the diagonal relationship in the Mendeleev system, the constant size of radii during the filling of orbitals, and the lanthanide and actinide contractions. The correctness of the model is confirmed by comparing calculations based on it with empirical data of chemistry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature cited

  1. H. Taylor and S. Glasstone, A Treatise on Physical Chemistry (New York, 1942), Vol. 1.

  2. N. Bohr, Three Papers on Spectra and the Structure of the Atom [Russian translation] (GIZ, Moscow, 1923).

    Google Scholar 

  3. O. Blackwood, et al., Essays on the Physics of the Atom [Russian translation] (ONTI, Moscow-Leningrad. 1937).

    Google Scholar 

  4. V. M. Goldschmidt, Crystal Chemistry [Russian translation] (GIZ, Moscow, 1941); L. Pauling, Nature of the Chemical Bond [Russian translation] (Goskhimizdat, Moscow, 1947); W. Zachariasen, Phys. Rev.,73, 1104 (1948); G. B. Bokii, Introduction to Crystal Chemistry [in Russian] (Izd. Mau, 1954).

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. F. Ormont, Structure of Inorganic Compounds [in Russian] (GITTL, Moscow-Leningrad, 1950).

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. F. Kapustinskii, Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR124, 1265 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Wasastjerna, Soc. Sci. Fenn. Comm. Phys. Math.38, 1 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. F. Kapustinskii, Krystallografiya1, 90 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ya. I. Frenkel', Principles of the Theory of the Atomic Nucleus [in Russian] (Izd. AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 1950); S. Devons, Energy Levels of the Nucleus [Russian translation] (IL, Moscow, 1950); G. Bethe and F. Morrison, Elementary Theory of the Nucleus [Russian translation] (IL, Moscow, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. K. Kapustinskii, Zhur. Neorg. Khim.1, 82 (1956); A. Kapustinskii, Z. Phys. Chem.209, 352 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Stockar, Helv. Chim. Acta.33, 1409 (1950); H. Jensen, G. Meyer-Gossler, and H. Rohde, Z. Phys.110, 277 (1938); L. Ahrens, Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta.2, 3, 155 (1952); N. Spiro. Tr. Ingf. Galurgii,21, 262 (1949); E. Kordes, Z. Elektrochem.47, 2, 152 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. S. Povarennykh, Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR109, 1167 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. F. Kapustinskii, Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otdel. Khim. Nauk, 3 (1953).

  14. A. E. Fersman, Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR1, 10, 115 (1936). See also A. A. Saukov, Geochemistry [in Russian] (GIGL, Moscow, 1951).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ya. K. Syrkin and M. E. Dyatkina, Chemical Bonds and the Structure of Molecules [in Russian] (Goskhimizdat, Moscow, 1946).

    Google Scholar 

  16. K. B. Yatsimirskii, Zhur. Neorg. Khim.1, 96 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T. Moeller, Inorganic Chemistry (New York, 1952).

  18. A. F. Kapustinskii, Krystallografiya1, 382 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Partington. An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry (London, 1949), Vol. 1.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. D. I. Mendeleev Chemicotechnical Institute, Moscow, USSR

    A. F. Kapustinskii

Authors
  1. A. F. Kapustinskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 217–232, July–August, 1960

This paper is printed as matter for discussion.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kapustinskii, A.F. The drop model of atomic structure. J Struct Chem 1, 198–210 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00738939

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00738939

Keywords

Search

Navigation