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Chromosomenverhältnisse, konstitutives Heterochromatin und Geschlechtsbestimmung bei einigen Arten der GattungChrysomya (Calliphoridae, Diptera)

Chromosomes, constitutive heterochromatin and sex determination in several species of the genusChrysomya (Calliphoridae, Diptera)

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Abstract

Compared with the strongly monogenic blowfliesChrysomya albiceps andC. rufifacies investigated previously, the closely related speciesC. chloropyga, C. putoria andC. varipes turned out to be amphogenic, i.e. each female of these species produces both sexes in nearly equal frequencies.C. chloropyga, C. putoria andC. varipes possess similar karyotypes consisting of five pairs of long identifiable autosomes and one pair of smaller sex chromosomes, which are homomorphic (XX) in the female and heteromorphic (XY) in the male. In all species the Y is shorter than the X. Among the cytologically known amphogenicChrysomya speciesC. varipes has the smallest heterochromosomes. Male meiosis inC. chloropyga, C. putoria andC. varipes is achiasmatic. During mitosis the autosomes show a high degree of somatic pairing but heterochromosomes, which form a heteropyknotic mass in the interphase nuclei, usually separate in the course of early mitotic prophase. A comparative study of C-banding patterns in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes ofC. chloropyga, C. putoria, C. varipes andC. rufifacies revealed that constitutive heterochromatin is present in almost all chromosomes. In the five pairs of large chromosomes it is confined to short regions adjacent to the kinetochores. An interstitial C-band has been observed only in the shorter arm of autosome no. 3 inC. putoria. With the exception of the tiny Y chromosome ofC. varipes, which seems to be completely euchromatic, all the other sex chromosomes of the amphogenicChrysomya species as well as the small chromosome no. 6 ofC. rufifacies possess longer or shorter C-segments. The karyotype ofC. varipes resembles closely that of the monogenic speciesC. albiceps andC. rufifacies thus indicating that the monogenic species could have evolved from an ancestral species closely related toC. varipes. The occurrence of two exceptional XO females and one exceptional XXY male among normal XX and XY animals in a wild stock ofC. chloropyga demonstrates that the Y chromosome of C. chloropyga and most probably of all amphogenicChrysomya species bears an epistatic male determining factor.

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  1. Abteilung für Zellbiologie, Zoologisches Institut der Universität, Röntgenring 10, D-8700, Würzburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Fritz-Helmut Ullerich

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  1. Fritz-Helmut Ullerich
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Herrn Professor Dr. G. Krause zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet

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Ullerich, FH. Chromosomenverhältnisse, konstitutives Heterochromatin und Geschlechtsbestimmung bei einigen Arten der GattungChrysomya (Calliphoridae, Diptera). Chromosoma 58, 113–136 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00701354

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00701354

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