Summary
A cytometrical study of the various segments of kidney tubules was performed on silver or silvering male eels during acclimation to sea water (SW) for 2 to 160 days and their return to fresh water (FW). Tubular epithelial cell height and nuclear area are markedly reduced during the first two days, and further reduced in the following period to reach a stable level around the 20th day. The glomerular size is slightly decreased. Phospholipids are less abundant and the brush borders become thinner. In a single eel kept for 9 months in pure SW slowly concentrated by evaporation (NaCl 45 g/l), cell and nuclear values were similar to those obtained in full strength SW after 160 days. Distal and collecting tubules exhibit maximal reactivity, that of the first proximal tubule being minimal.
When eels kept for 20 days in SW are returned to FW, there is a rapid increase (48 h), sometimes with an overshoot, of all measured parameters, followed by a rapid decrease (5 days) and a normalization of the values in the distal and collecting tubules.
The rapid response of eel kidney to salinity changes does not appear to be linked to cellular hydration as the various segments of the kidney tubules react differently. The data are discussed with respect to osmotic acclimation and in relation to variations of prolactin secretion. Prolactin (PRL) release during transfer to FW stimulates the renal tubules less strongly than mammalian PRL: while mitotic activity and differentiation of new nephrons are induced by ovine PRL treatment in intact or hypophysectomized FW eels (Olivereau and Lemoine, 1969b), no such events were detected during acclimation to this hypotonic medium, at least during the first ten days. This rather reflects insufficient PRL release than a different biological activity, despite immunological differences between fish and ovine prolactin.
Résumé
L'étude cytométrique (hauteur épithéliale et aire nucléaire) des divers segments du tube rénal, réalisée chez l'Anguille mâle argentée ou en cours d'argenture lors de l'adaptation à l'eau de mer (SW) montre une réduction marquée dès les premières 48 h en SW qui s'accuse légèrement pour atteindre un niveau stable vers le 20e jour; la taille des glomérules est réduite. Les phospholipides sont moins abondants, la bordure en brosse est plus mince. Chez une Anguille conservée 9 mois en SW initialement normale et lentement concentrée par évaporation (NaCl 45 g/l), les valeurs obtenues sont peu différentes de celles après 160 jours en SW pure. La réactivité maximale s'observe au niveau du tube distal et du collecteur, celle du tube proximal l étant minimale.
Le retour en eau douce (FW) provoque une rapide augmentation (2 jours), parfois excessive, de ces paramètres, suivie d'une baisse rapide (5 jours) et de la normalisation des valeurs du tube distal et collecteur (10 jours).
Les réponses du rein aux changements de salinité, très rapides, ne paraissent pas liées à des processus de déshydratation ou hydratation cellulaire car elles affectent inégalement les divers segments du néphron. Elles sont discutées en fonction des variations des électrolytes plasmatiques et de la sécrétion hypophysaire de prolactine (PRL): sa décharge qui accompagne le retour en FW stimule moins intensément le tube rénal que l'injection de PRL ovine, elle ne provoque pas une intense activité mitotique ni une différenciation de nouveaux néphrons, au moins pendant les 10 premiers jours. Ce fait représente probablement plus une sécrétion insuffisante de PRL lors du retour en milieu hypotonique qu'une différence d'activité biologique, malgré des différences immunologiques entre prolactines ovine et de Poisson.
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Olivereau, M., Olivereau, J. Effect of transfer to sea water and back to fresh water on the histological structure of the eel kidney. J Comp Physiol B 115, 223–239 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00692533
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00692533