Summary
Generalized vascular changes and diffused proliferation of reactive microglia were observed in an experimental model of HSV encephalitis of mice. The wide spread of these changes contrasted with the localized character of virus replication and the confined areas of damaged nervous tissue. The vascular and microglial changes were precocious in animals inoculated with concentrated virus suspension (105.5LD50) while they appeared late in mice inoculated with diluted virus suspension (100 LD50). After inoculation with U.V. inactivated virus no changes were seen.
The results obtained in this study suggest that the vascular and microglial modifications are not related to a direct cytopathic effect of the virus but dependent on the amount of virus present in the central nervous system and linked to the virus DNA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adrian, E. K., Walker, B. E.: Incorporation of thymidine-H3 by cells in normal and injured mouse spinal cord. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.21, 597–609 (1962)
Baringer, J. R., Griffith, J. F.: Experimental herpes simplex encephalitis: Early neuropathologic changes. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.29, 89–104 (1970)
Blackmore, W. F.: The ultrastructure of the subependymal plate in the rat. J. Anat. (Lond.)104, 423–433 (1969)
Davidoff, M.: Über die Glia im Hypoglossuskern der Ratte nach Axotomie. Z. Zellforsch.141, 427–442 (1973)
Dubois-Dalcq, M., Buyse, M., Lefebvre, N., Sprecher-Goldberger, S.: Herpes virus hominis type 2 and intranuclear tubular structures in organized nervous tissue cultures. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)22, 170–179 (1972)
Farkas-Bargeton, E., Diebler, M. F., Kristensson, K., Lycke, E., Sourander, P.: Vascular and neuroglial changes in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis: Enzyme-histochemical study. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)33, 51–57 (1975)
Feldman, L. A., Sheppard, R. D., Bornstein, M. B.: Herpes simplex virus: Host cell relationships in organized cultures of mammalian nerve tissues. J. Virol.2, 621–628 (1968)
Kitamura, T., Hattori, H., Fujita, S.: Autoradiographic studies on histogenesis of brain macrophages in the mouse. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.31, 502–518 (1972)
Konigsmark, B. W., Sidman, R. L.: Origin of brain macrophages in the mouse. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.22, 643–676 (1963)
Kristensson, K.: Morphological studies of the neural spread of herpes simplex virus to the central nervous system. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)16, 54–63 (1970)
Kristensson, K., Sourander, P.: Changes in vascular permeability of the central nervous system by experimental herpes simplex and vaccinia virus infections. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)14, 38–51 (1969)
Kristensson, K., Haltia, M.: Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of chromatolysis in neurons infected with herpes simplex virus. Virchows Arch., Abt. B, Zellpath.4, 335–344 (1970)
Leestma, J. E., Bornstein, M. B., Sheppard, R. D., Feldman, L. A.: Ultrastructural aspects of herpes simplex virus infection in organized cultures of mammalian nervous tissue. Lab. Invest.20, 70–78 (1969)
Morgan, C., Ellison, S. A., Rose, H. M., Moore, D. H.: Structure and development of viruses observed in the electron microscope: Herpes simplex virus. J. exp. Med.100, 195–202 (1954)
Morgan, C., Rose, H. M., Mednis, B.: Electron microscopy of herpes simplex virus: Entry. J. Virol.2, 507–516 (1968)
Nii, S., Morgan, C., Rose, H. M.: Electron microscopy of herpes simplex virus: Sequence of development. J. Virol.2, 517–536 (1968)
Norris, F. H.: An ultrastructure study of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.31, 611–623 (1972)
Privat, A., Leblond, C. P.: The subependymal layer and neighboring region in the brain of the young rat. J. comp. Neurol.146, 277–285 (1972)
Rabin, E. R., Jenson, A. B., Melnick, J. L.: Herpes simplex virus in mice: Electron microscopy of neural spread. Science162, 126–128 (1968)
Reed, L. J., Muench, H.: A simple method of estimating fifthy per cent endpoints. Amer. J. Hyg.27, 493–497 (1938)
Schwartz, J., Elizan, T. Growth of herpes simplex virus in transformed glial and neuronal cells in tissue culture: Ultrastructural studies. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.32, 303–312 (1973a)
Schwartz, J., Elizan, T.: Chronic herpes simplex virus infection: Initiation in hamsters implantation of infected nonpermissive glial cells. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.)28, 224–230 (1973b)
Spring, S. B., Roizman, B., Schwartz, J.: Herpes simplex virus products in productive and abortive infection: Electron microscopic and immunological evidence for failure of virus envelopment as a cause of abortive infection. J. Virol.2, 384–392 (1968)
Swanson, J. L., Craighead, J. E., Reynolds, E. S.: Electron microscopic observations on herpes virus hominis (herpes simplex virus) encephalitis in man. Lab. Invest.15, 1966–1981 (1966)
Vaughn, J. E.: An electron microscopic analysis of gliogenesis in rat optic nerves. Z. Zellforsch.94, 293–324 (1969)
Vaughn, J. E., Peters, A.: A third neuroglial cell type. An electron microscope study. J. comp. Neurol.133, 269–288 (1968)
Yamamoto, T., Otani, S., Shiraki, H.: The influence of age on infection in experimental herpes simplex encephalo-myelo-neuritis of mice as demonstrated by fluorescent antibody method. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)11, 221–236 (1968)
Yamamoto, T., Otani, S., Shiraki, H.: Ultrastructure of herpes simplex virus infection of the nervous system of mice. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)26, 285–300 (1973)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (I.N.S.E.R.M.) and the Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (D.G.R.S.T.), Paris, France.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arsénio-Nunes, M.L., Cerutti, I. & Farkas-Bargeton, E. Vascular and neuroglial changes in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol 33, 245–256 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688397
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688397