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Electron microscopic studies on the lipo-pigments in the cerebral cortex nerve cells of senile and vitamin E deficient rats

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Summary and Conclusion

The ultrastructure of cerebral cortex both in senile rats and experimental vitamin-E-deficient rats was observed. The nucleus of the nerve cells and Golgi complex did not show any abnormal signs. However, fragmented or dilated endoplasmic reticulum were occasionally observed. Also, degenerations such as awelling and shrinkage were detected in mitochondria. The appearance of pigment bodies in the nerve cell cytoplasm constitutes a characteristic feature. Identical pigment bodies exist in astrocytes; the swelling of astrocytic processes were frequently observed. No difference whatsoever was found between the structure of pigment bodies appearing in the nerve cells and astrocyte of senile rats and that of vitamin-E-deficient rats at an electron microscopic level.

Therefore, it is quite possible that lipofuscin, in the same way as ceroid pigment, is formed by autoxipolymerization of unsaturated fatty substances. According to morphological characteristics, we have classified the lipo-pigments into four types. The pigment of Type 3 is believed to be in a stage of completion, and the pigment of Type 1 is an indication of an initial stage of formation. The pigment of Type 2 is probably in the intermediate stage lying between Type 1 and Type 3. No evidence indicating that the morphopathogenesis of pigment bodies is derived from mitochondria was seen or formed from the Golgi complex.

We are of the opinion that pigment formation begins when the increasing deposition of osmiophilic, finely granular and lipid-containing materials in cytoplasm takes place, and that the lysosomes have an important significance in the intermediate stage on the way to the completion of the pigment.

Zusammenfassung

Die Ultrastruktur der Großhirnrinde bei senilen und Vitamin E-Mangel-Ratten wurde untersucht. Der Kern und der Golgi-Komplex der Nervenzellen zeigen keine Abnoritäten, jedoch wird gelegentlich Fragmentierung oder Erweiterung des endoplasmatischen Reticulums sowie Schwellung oder Schrumpfung von Mitochondrien beobachtet. Ein charakteristisches Merkmal ist das Auftreten von Pigmentkörperchen im Nervenzellcytoplasma. Gleichartige Pigmentkörperchen sind in Astrocyten vorhanden; Schwellung von Astrocytenfortsätzen ist oft zu beobachten. Elektronenoptisch können keine Unterschiede zwischen der Struktur der Pigmentkörperchen in Nervenzellen und Astrocyten von senilen und Vitamin E-Mangel-Ratten gefunden werden. Demnach erscheint es möglich, daß Lipofuscin in derselben Weise wie Ceroidpigmentdurch Autoxypolymerisation ungesättigter Fette gebildet wird. Nach den morphologischen Kriterien werden vier Typen von Lipoidmengen unterschieden. Das Pigment vom Typ 3 dürfte den Zustand der Reifung darstellen, das Pigment vom Typ 1 repräsentiertdas initiale Bildungs-stadium, das Pigment vom Typ 2 ist wahrscheinlich ein intermediäres Stadium zwischen Typ 1 und 3. Es gibt keinen morphopathogenetischen Hinweis auf die Bildung der Pigmentkörperchen aus Mitochondrien oder aus dem Golgi-Komplex. Die Meinung wird vorgebracht, daß die Pigmentbildung beginnt, wenn sich osmiophile feingranuläre und fetthaltige Substanzen im Cytoplasma zunehmend anhäufen, und daß den Lysosomen eine wichtige Rolle im intermediären Stadium auf dem Weg zur Pigmentreifung zukommt.

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Miyagishi, T., Takahata, N. & Iizuka, R. Electron microscopic studies on the lipo-pigments in the cerebral cortex nerve cells of senile and vitamin E deficient rats. Acta Neuropathol 9, 7–17 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688154

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