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The spongy state: A form due to the agonal or postmortem evolution of gaseous carbon dioxide from glycogen

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Summary and Conclusions

Histological study of the spongy state reveals that discontinuous segements of myelinated axons severed by the formation of the sponge cavities often appear morphologically intact. Since fibers severed from their cell bodies degenerate rapidly, it is concluded that the process occurs agonally or postmortem. The resemblance between the sponge cavities and postmortem gas cysts is emphasized, as are the differences between the spongy state and the liquid accumulation in cerebral edema.

The presence of histochemically demonstrable glycogen in the brain in association with the spongy state, at times in specific relation to the spongy areas and even to individual sponge cavities, is described. It is suggested that glycogen reservoirs serve as substrate for the rapid evolution of gaseous carbon dioxide following the cessation of blood flow, and that this gas forms the sponge cavities.

The glycogen accumulation and the decarboxylating capacity may be part of each of the heterogenous disease processes with which the spongy state is associated, and pathological changes of greater significance than the sponginess, characterize each of these varied disease states. Other forms of the spongy state may exist.

Zusammenfassung

Eine histologische Studie über den Status spongiosus hat ergeben, daß die einzelnen Markfasersegmente, die durch das Zustandekommen von spongiösen Hohlräumen unterbrochen werden, morphologisch intakt zu sein scheinen. Da die von ihren Nervenezellen abgtrennten Fortsätze schnell degenerieren, muß angenommen werden, daß die spongiösen Hohlräume agonal oder post mortem zustande gekommen sind. Die Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Hohlräumen eines Status spongiosus und den post mortem Gascysten einerseits sowie der Unterschied zwischen einem Status spongiosus und einer Flüssigkeitsansammlung im Hirnödem andererseits, sind hervorgehoben.

Die Anwesenheit des histochemisch nach weisbaren Glykogens im spongiösen Hirngewebe, manchmal in einer spezifischen Abhängigkeit von den spongiösen Hirngebieten und sogar von den einzelnen Hohlräumen wird beschrieben und die Möglichkeit, daß Glykogen nach völligem Durchblutungsstillstand, als ein Substrat für eine schnelle Kohlensäurenoxydbildung, dient, und daß dieses Gas zur Cystenproduktion führt, erwogen. Die pathologischen Veränderungen, welche diejenigen heterogene Erkrankungen kennzeichnen, die von einem Status spongiosus begleitet sind, erscheinen bedeutend wichtiger als der Status spongiosus selbst, während die Deposition von Glykogen in einem pathologisch veränderten Gewebe und dessen Decarboxylierungsfähigkeit nur eine gemeinsame Teilerscheinung aller dieser Krankheiten darstellen könnten.

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This study was supported in part by Research Grant HE 02872 from the National Heart Institute of the United States Public Health Service, and forms part of a study of cerebrovascular diseases at Bellevue Hospital by the Cornell-New York University Study group on cerebrovascular diseases.

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Feigin, I., Budzilovich, G. The spongy state: A form due to the agonal or postmortem evolution of gaseous carbon dioxide from glycogen. Acta Neuropathol 7, 136–148 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686780

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