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Axoplasmic alterations in the proximal and distal stumps of transsected nerves

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Summary

Electron microscopic observations on transsected sciatic nerves in rabbits have led to the following results:

  1. 1.

    The distal stump at the margin of transsection develops terminal swellings. These axoplasmic masses degenerate later than the remaining portions of the distal axons.

  2. 2.

    The proximal stump at the margin of transsection undergoes an initial ascending degeneration.

  3. 3.

    During the early stage of axoplasmic degeneration, “dense lamellar bodies” appear in both the distal and the proximal stumps. This is followed by degeneration of mitochondria and neuroendoplasmic reticulum (NER). Finally large “autolytic bodies” develop.

  4. 4.

    The “dense lamellar bodies” have a regularly layered structure. They are probably derived from aggregates of lipid material, which is considered to be a product of altered metabolism.

  5. 5.

    The “degenerative bodies” have only one limiting membrane and an internal structure reminiscent of disintegrated matrix and cristae of mitochondria. Hence we interpret them as degenerating mitochondria.

  6. 6.

    Large “autolytic bodies” contain neuroendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and occasional dense lipid masses which later disintegrate completely.

  7. 7.

    The beginning of axoplasm regeneration in the proximal stump can be distinguished from the initial ascending degeneration by an axoplasm which contains normal mitochondria and abundant tubular-vesicular neuroendoplasmic reticulum.

Zusammenfassung

Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an durchschnittenen Nn. ischiadici des Kaninchens haben zu folgenden Ergebnissen geführt:

  1. 1.

    Am Schnittrand des distalen Stumpfes entwickeln sich terminale Axon-anschwellungen. Diese Axoplasmakolben degenerieren später als die übrigen Axonabschnitte des distalen Stumpfes.

  2. 2.

    Am Schnittrand des proximalen Stumpfes findet eine initiale aufsteigende Degeneration statt.

  3. 3.

    Während der frühen Axoplasmadegeneration treten im distalen und proximalen Stumpf “dichte Lamellenkörper” auf. Danach degenerieren die Mitochondrien und das neuroendoplasmatische Reticulum (NER). Schließlich entwickeln sieh große “autolytische Körper”.

  4. 4.

    Die “dichten Lamellenkörper” haben eine regelmäßig geschichtete Struktur. Sie haben sich wahrscheinlich aus Lipoidanhäufungen gebildet, die als Produkte eines gestörten Stoffwechsels aufgefaßt werden.

  5. 5.

    Die “degenerativen Körper” haben nur eine Grenzmembran und eine Innenstruktur, die an zerfallende Matrix und Cristae von Mitochondrien erinnert. Wir möchten sie daher als degenerierende Mitochondrien deuten.

  6. 6.

    Die großen “autolytischen Körper” enthalten neuroendoplasmatisches Reticulum, Mitochondrien und gelegentlich dichte Lipoidmassen, die später vollständig zerfallen.

  7. 7.

    Die beginnende Axoplasmaregeneration im proximalen Stumpf kann von der initialen aufsteigenden Degeneration durch ein Axoplasma unterschieden werden, das normale Mitochondrien und ein reich entwickeltes tubulär-vesiculäres neuroendoplasmatisches Reticulum hat.

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Blümcke, S., Niedorf, H.R. & Rode, J. Axoplasmic alterations in the proximal and distal stumps of transsected nerves. Acta Neuropathol 7, 44–61 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686608

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