Skip to main content
Log in

The nerve sheath tumor, solitary and in von Recklinghausen's disease; A unitary mesenchymal concept

  • Original Investigations
  • Published:
Acta Neuropathologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The characteristic cell of peripheral nerves, the Schwann cell, is capable of forming peripheral myelin, but also of forming collagen and reticulin fibers and of being transformed into macrophages. This kind of cell has been demonstrated under circumstances in which its formation from pre-existing Schwann cells is precluded, as in regenerative foci within the brain in multiple sclerosis. It is suggested that this cell is a specilized mesenchymal element, and that it may be formed by maturation of the multipotential primitive reticular cells which give rise to other specialized mesenchymal elements in appropriate circumstances, and which are present in the brain as well as in most other tissues.

It is suggested that only one type of neoplasm of specific Schwann cell origin exists, this being the same in the presence or absence of von Recklingshausen's neurofibromatosis. It may most simply be designated as the nerve sheath tumor. Von Recklinghausen's disease, however, is characterized by the occurrence of hamartomatous and degenerative phenomena, as well as the tendency to neoplasia, and these alter the appearnce of the specific nerve sheath tumor and of non-neoplastic segments of peripheral nerves. In addition, some neoplasms observed in this disease have been interpreted as of Schwann cell origin when, in fact, they are less specific fibromas originating in other connective tissue elements of a nerve, or in the extra-neural connective tissues. The term “neurofibroma” appears to have been applied to both of these phenomena, i.e., to degenerative, non-neoplastic changes in nerves, and to neoplasms which may not have originated in Schwann cells or even within peripheral nerves; its continued use is not warranted.

Zusammenfassung

Die für den peripheren Nerven kennzeichnende Zelle, die Schwannsche Zelle, ist imstande, sowohl Myelin vom peripheren Typ als auch Kollagen und Reticulin zu produzieren und als Makrophage tätig zu sein. Diese Fähigkeit der Zelle konnte unter solchen Umständen beobachtet werden, unter denen ihre Bildung aus autochthonen Schwannschen Zellen zwingend ausgenommen werden mußte, wie z.B. in den Foci der multiplen Sklerose im Gehirn. Es wird die Annahme vorgebracht, daß diese Zelle ein besonderes bindegewebiges Element ist, das sich durch Reifung von den multipotenten primitiven Reticulumzellen ableitet, die unter bestimmten Umständen auch andere spezielle mesenchymale Elemente produzieren, und die im Gehirn wie in den meisten anderen Geweben vorhanden sind.

Ferner wird postuliert, daß es nur eine einzige Art von Geschwülsten der Schwannschen Zelle gibt, ungeachtet dessen, ob die von Recklinghausensche Neurofibromatose vorliegt oder nicht. Diese Geschwulst sollte einfach als Nervenscheidentumor bezeichnet werden. Die Recklinghausensche Krankheit ist jedoch durch das Vorkommen von Hamartomen und degenerativen Phänomenen sowie durch eine Bereitschaft zur Geschwulstbildung gekennzeichnet. Diese Momente ändern das Bild eines spezifischen Nervenscheidetumors sowie das der nichtneoplastischen Segmente des peripheren Nerven. Einige Geschwülste, die bei dieser Erkrankung vorkommen, wurden als Derivate der Schwannschen Zellreihe angesehen, während sie in Wirklichkeit weniger spezifische Fibrome sind, die ihren Ursprung von anderen Bindegewebselementen des Nerven oder des extraneuralen Gewebes nehmen. Die Bezeichnung “Neurofibrom” hat man anscheinend auf beide dieser Phänomene angewandt, d.h. auf Fälle, von regressiven, nicht-neoplastischen Veränderungen der Nerven und auf solche Geschwülste, die ihren Ursprung möglicherweise weder von der Schwannschen Zelle noch überhaupt im peripheren Nerven genommen hatten. Die weitere Anwendung dieser Bezeichnung erscheint unberechtigt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bloom, W., Fawcett, A.: A textbook of histology, 8th Ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budzilovich, G. N.: Diabetes neuropathy complex. Virchow Arch., Abt. A, Path. Anat.350, 105–122 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Causey, G.: The cell of Schwann. Edinburgh: E. S. Livingston Ltd. 1960 (quotation from p. 81).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cravioto, H.: The perineurium as a diffusion barrier—ultrastructural correlates. Bull. Los Angeles neurol. Soc.31, 196–208 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • — The ultrastructure of acoustic nerve tumors. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)12, 116–140 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, E., Flora, G., Nelson, E.: Electron microscopic observations on normal human intracranial arteries. Neurology (Minneap.)15, 132–140 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigin, I.: Mesenchymal tissues of the nervous system. The indigenous origin of brain macrophages in hypoxic states and in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.28, 6–23 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • — Cravioto, H.: A histochemical study of myelin: A difference in the solubility of the glycolipid components in the central and peripheral nervous system. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.20, 245–254 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigin, I.: Popoff, N.: Regeneration of myelin in multiple sclerosis. The role of mesenchymal cells in such regeneration and in myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. Neurology (Minneap.)16, 364–372 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geren, B. B.: Formation from the Schwann cell surface of myelin in the peripheral nerves of chick embryos. Exp. Cell Res.7, 558–562 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagen, E., Wittkowski: Licht- und elektronmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Innervation der Piagefäße. Z. Zellforsch.95, 429–444 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkin, J. C., Reed, R. J.: Tumors of the peripheral nervous system. 2nd Series. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 1969 (quotations from p. 69 and p. 126).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R.: Neuroblast versus sheath cell in the development of peripheral nerves. J. comp. Neurol.37, 123–205 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heringa, G. C.: Untersuchungen über den Bau und die Entwicklung des sensiblen peripheren Nervensystemes. Verh. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterd. Wis-en. natuurk Afd. II Dl. 21 nr. 1. 1920 (quoted in Raven reference).

  • Hirano, A., Zimmerman, H. M., Levine, S.: Electron microscopic observations of peripheral myelin in a central nervous system lesion. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)12, 348–365 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hörstadius, S.: The neural crest. Its properties and derivatives in the light of experimental research. London: Oxford University Press 1950 (quotation from p. 6).

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, J.: Absence of cell multiplication during degeneration of non-myelinated nerves. J. Anat. (Lond.)81, 135–139 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Konigsmark, B.: Discussion of paper, Feigin reference. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.28, 23–24 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, B. W.: Neurofibromatosis (von Recklingshausen's disease of the nervous system). Analysis of the total pathological picture. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.)62, 822–938 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luse, S. A.: Electron microscopic studies of brain tumors. Neurology (Minneap.)10, 881–905 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, F. L.: The innervation of the intracranial blood vessels and dural sinuses. Ass. Res. nerv. Dis. Proc.18, 178–200 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, M. R., Stout, A. P.: Demonstration of the formation of reticulin by Schwannoma tumor cells in vitro. Amer. J. Path.18, 585–589 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naoumenko, J., Feigin, I.: A stable silver solution for axon staining in paraffin sections. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.26, 669–673 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathaniel, E. J. H., Pease, D. C.: Degenerative changes in rat dorsal roots during Wallerian degeneration. J. Ultrastruct. Res.9, 511–532 (1963a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —— Collagen and basement membrane formation by Schwann cells during nerve regeneration. J. Ultrastruct. Res.9, 550–560 (1963b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa, J., Mair, W. G. P.: The normal sural nerve in man. I. Ultrastructure and numbers of fibres and cells. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)13, 197–216 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W.: Tumors of the sheaths of the nervous system. In: Cytology and cellular pathology of the nervous system. Vol. 3, pp. 955–990. New York: Paul B. Hoeber 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, E. R., Murray, M. R.: Myelin sheath formation in cultures of avian spinal ganglia. Amer. J. Anat.96, 319–355 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, J., Escourolle, R., Castaigne, P.: Les neurofibromes de la maladie de Recklinghausen. Etude ultrastructurale et place nosologique par rapport aux neurinomes. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)10, 279–294 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Raimondi, A. J., Beckman, F.: Perineurial fibroblastomas: Their fine structure and biology. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)8, 1–23 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, C. P.: Experiments on the origin of the sheath cell and sympathetic neuroblasts in amphibia. J. comp. Neurol.67, 221–240 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D. S., Rubinstein, L. J.: Pathology of tumors of the nervous system, 2nd Ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1963 (quotation from p. 243).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samarasinghe, D. D.: The innervation of the cerebral arteries in the rat: An electron microscopic study. J. Anat. (Lond.)99, 815–929 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stout, A. P.: Tumors of the peripheral nervous system. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 1949 (quotation from p. 31).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stout, A. P.: Tumors of the soft tissues. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 1953 (quotation from p. 9).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, R. D.: Discussion of paper, Feigin reference. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.28, 24 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, P., Wang, H.: Transformation of adult Schwann cells into macrophages. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)58, 273–275 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, R. A.: The borderland of embryology and pathology, 3rd. Washington: Butterworths 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • — Pathology of tumors, 4th Ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1967 (quotation from p. 658).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. A. K., Bruce, A. N.: Neurology, 2nd Ed., vol. 3, pp. 1897–1911. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worster-Drought, C., Carnegie Dickson, W. E., McMenemey, W. H.: Multiple meningeal and perineurial tumours with analogous changes in the glia and ependyma (neurofibroblastomatosis). With report of two cases. Brain60, 85–117 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yntema, C. L.: Deficient efferent innervation of the extremities following removal of neural crest in amblystoma. J. exp. Zool.94, 319–349 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Feigin, I. The nerve sheath tumor, solitary and in von Recklinghausen's disease; A unitary mesenchymal concept. Acta Neuropathol 17, 188–200 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685053

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685053

Key-Words

Navigation