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Characterization of the initial oxide formed on annealed and unannealed 20Cr-25Ni-Nb-stabilized steel in 50 torr CO2 at 973 K

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Abstract

The oxidation of annealed and unannealed 20Cr-25Ni-Nb (wt.%) steel in 50 torr CO2 at 973 K has been studied “in situ” using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with a view to the characterization of the chemical composition and nature of the oxides formed. The oxide first formed on the annealed steel is shown to be iron rich. Analysis of the bulk oxide using a variety of different spectroscopic techniques including X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning Auger microscopy showed that virtually all of the oxide scale formed after 100hr is a spinel of the type (Fe)Fe2−x)CrxO4 and is composed of an outer, iron-rich layer covering an iron/chromium-rich layer. By contrast, the oxide first formed on the unannealed steel is chromium rich, and is shown to be patchy consisting of a mixture of different oxides. This layer changes on further oxidation to develop into a manganese-iron-chromium spinel, which is present as the major oxide phase after 100 hr. The reasons for these differences are discussed, and it is argued that a major influence on oxidation behavior is the presence of cold work in the unannealed steel enhanc ing the diffusion of chromium to the surface.

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  1. Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, GL13 9PB, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, UK

    J. W. Tyler

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Tyler, J.W. Characterization of the initial oxide formed on annealed and unannealed 20Cr-25Ni-Nb-stabilized steel in 50 torr CO2 at 973 K. Oxid Met 24, 149–176 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00664230

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