Abstract
The donor and acceptor properties of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydro-thiophene were evaluated by means of electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. Polarographic and cyclovoltammetric data for LiClO4, NaClO4, KClO4, RbClO4, CsClO4, Ba(ClO4)2, AgCF3SO3, TlClO4, Zn(CF3SO3)2, Cd(CF3SO3)2, Cu(CF3SO3)2, Pb(CF3SO3)2, Mn(CF3SO3)2, Co(CF3SO3)2, Ni(ClO4)2·2H2O, oxygen, perylene, ferrocene, and bis(biphenyl)chromium tetraphenylborate in tetrahydrofuran and of TlClO4, CuCF3SO3, Pb(CF3SO3)2, Cd(CF3SO3)2, oxygen, ferrocene and bis(biphenyl)chromium tetraphenylborate in tetrahydrothiophene together with the potentials of the Ag/0.01 M Ag+-ion electrodes in these two solvents are given. Molar Gibbs (free) energies for the transfer from acetonitrile into tetrahydrofuran for Na+, K+, Rb+, Ag+, Tl+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, and for the transfer into tetrahydrothiophene for Ag+, Cu+, Tl+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were calculated from these data. Visible spectra were obtained for the solvatochromic dyes acetylacetonato(N,N,N′,N′,-tetramethylethylenediamine) copper(II) perchlorate and for 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-l-pyridinio)phenoxide, which served as secondary standards to obtain donor and acceptor numbers. The changes in half-wave potentials of the cations vs. bis(biphenyl)chromium(I)/(0) and the Gibbs energies of transfer are discussed on basis of hard and soft donor properties of these two solvents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Gritzner,Inorg. Chim. Acta 24, 5 (1977).
V. Gutmann, K. Danksagmüller, and O. Duschek,Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt am Main)92, 199 (1974).
G. Gritzner, W. Linert, and A. D. Pethybridge,Electrochim. Acta 26, 1327 (1981).
I. Persson,Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 1153 (1986).
G. Gritzner,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 82, 1955 (1986).
G. Gritzner,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 84, 1047 (1988).
D. A. Owensby, A. J. Parker, and J. W. Diggle,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 1148 (1972).
R. Alexander, D. A. Owensby, A. J. Parker, and W. E. Waghorne,Aust. J. Chem. 27, 933 (1974).
G. Gritzner, P. Rechberger, and V. Gutmann,J. Electroanal. Chem. 75, 739 (1977).
G. Kraml and G. Gritzner,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 81, 2875 (1985).
M. Johnsson and I. Persson,Inorg. Chim. Acta 127, 15 (1987).
M. Johnsson and I. Persson,Inorg. Chim. Acta 127, 25 (1987).
M. Johnsson and I. Persson,Inorg. Chim. Acta 127, 43 (1987).
M. Johnsson, I. Persson, and R. Portanova,Inorg. Chim. Acta 127, 35 (1987).
M. Johnsson and I. Persson,Inorg. Chim. Acta 130, 215 (1987).
G. Gritzner,Z. Phys. Chem. (München),158, 99 (1988).
R. G. Pearson,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 3533 (1963);J. Chem. Educ.,45, 581, 643 (1968).
S. Ahrland, J. Chatt, and R. N. Davies,Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 12, 265 (1958).
O. Popovych,Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1, 73 (1970) and references cited.
R. Soukup and R. Schmid,J. Chem. Educ.,62, 459 (1985).
J. Burgess,Spectrochim. Acta Part A 26, 1369 (1970).
Y. Fukuda and K. Sone,Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 45, 465 (1972).
Y. Fukuda and K. Sone,Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Vol. 27, (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982) p. 251.
S. Sperker, G. Gsaller, H. Marek, and G. Gritzner,J. Solution Chem. 17, 35 (1988).
K. Dimroth, C. Reichardt, T. Siepmann, and F. Bohlmann,Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 661, 1 (1963).
C. Reichardt,Angew. Chem. 77, 1 (1965).
C. Reichardt and E. Harbusch-Görnerts,Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 721 (1983).
U. Mayer, V. Gutmann, and W. Gerger,Monatsh. Chem. 106, 1235 (1975).
G. Gritzner,J. Electroanal. Chem. 144, 259 (1983).
K. Danksagmüller, G. Gritzner, and V. Gutmann,Inorg. Chim. Acta 18, 269 (1976).
G. Gritzner, W. Linert, and V. Gutmann,J.Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43, 1193 (1981).
P. Rechberger and G. Gritzner,Inorg. Chim. Acta 31, 125 (1978).
G. Gritzner and J. Kuta,Pure Appl. Chem. 56, 461 (1984).
H. M. Koepp, H. Wendt, and H. Strehlow,Z. Elektrochem. 64, 483 (1960).
A. Caillet and G. Demange-Guerin,J. Electroanal. Chem. 40 69 (1972).
J. Badoz-Lambling and J. C. Bardin,Electrochim. Acta 19, 725 (1974).
G. Gritzner,J. Phys. Chem. 90, 5478 (1986).
V. Gutmann and E. Wychera,Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 2, 257 (1966).
V. Gutmann,The Donor-Acceptor Approach to Molecular Interactions, (Plenum New York, 1978).
T. M. Krygowski and W. R. Fawcett,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 2143 (1975).
W. R. Fawcett and T. M. Krygowski,Can. J. Chem. 54, 3283 (1976).
T. M. Krygowski, J. P. Radomski, P. K. Wrona, and C. Reichardt,Tetrahedron 37, 119 (1981).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gritzner, G., Sperker, S. Donor and acceptor properties of the solvents tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrothiophene. J Solution Chem 17, 1133–1144 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00662924
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00662924