Abstract
The nature of the first-formed oxide on 20% Cr/25% Ni/Nb stabilized steel during exposure to CO2 at high and low temperatures has been determined by surface analytical techniques. These results together with a consideration of gas/solid interactions show that the oxide produced may be determined by kinetics or thermodynamic factors, and a diagram is presented to show that rhombohedral Cr2O3 or spinel may be the oxide first formed. Under most standard conditions, a mixed spinel oxide is formed initially, and the subsequent growth of a duplex oxide is analyzed in terms of a solid-state reaction in which the spinel oxide is reduced to Cr2O3 at the metal/oxide interface. Diffusion control of growth by either spinel or Cr2O3 is incorporated in new equations describing the kinetics of oxidation, and weight-gain predictions are tested against experimental observations.
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Tempest, P.A., Wild, R.K. Formation and growth of spinel and Cr2O3 oxides on 20% Cr-25% Ni-Nb stainless steel in CO2 environments. Oxid Met 23, 207–235 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659904
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659904