Abstract
We have generalized Nishiyama's theory of liquid helium to systems where the density is nonuniform. By a series of transformations the Hamiltonian can be diagonalized, the excitation energies being given by the eigenvalues of a pair of coupled differential equations. The theory is then used to discuss vortices, vapor-liquid surfaces, and impurities in nonuniform systems of helium.
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Bowley, R.M. Nonuniform states of liquid helium. J Low Temp Phys 11, 775–785 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00654459
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00654459