Abstract
During the past twenty years great changes have taken place in British higher education. During the 1980s these changes have been even more noticeable, so that by the middle of the 1990s the pattern and the ethos of British higher education will be very different from that prevailing in the 1970s. Not only have there been structural changes but there have also been concerns about autonomy and freedom, accountability and appraisal in the face of government demands for improved management efficiency, restrictions on tenure and alternative forms of finance. This paper analyses these changes in universities, polytechnics and teacher education colleges and traces the growing intervention on the part of government. It also seeks to draw out implications for other education systems facing the same pressures. A glossary of abbreviations and acronyms appears on p. 301.
Zusammenfassung
Während der vergangenen zwanzig Jahre gab es in der britischen Hochschulbildung große Veränderungen. Im Laufe der 80er Jahre sind diese Veränderungen besonders deutlich geworden, und bis zur Mitte der 90er Jahre werden sich die Struktur und das Ethos der britischen Hochschulbildung von den in den 70er Jahren vorherrschenden stark unterscheiden. Es hat nicht nur strukturelle Veränderungen gegeben, sondern auch besorgte Überlegungen zu Fragen der Autonomie und Freiheit, Verantwortlichkeit und Beurteilung angesichts der Forderungen seitens der Regierung nach verbesserter Wirtschaftlichkeit der Verwaltung, Begrenzung der Amtszeiten und alternativen Finanzierungsformen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden diese Veränderungen an Universitäten, Technischen Hochschulen und Pädagogischen Hochschulen analysiert, und es wird den zunehmenden Eingriffen durch die Regierung nachgegangen. Darüberhinaus wird versucht, Auswirkungen auf andere Bildungssysteme aufzuzeigen, die mit denselben Zwängen konfrontiert sind. Ein Glossar der Abkürzungen und Akronyme erscheint auf S. 301.
Résumé
Au cours des vingt dernières années, de grands changements sont intervenus dans l'enseignement supérieur en Grande Bretagne. Ces changements sont devenus encore plus sensibles durant les années 1980, si bien que, vers le milieu des années 1990, la structure et l'éthos de l'enseignement supérieur britannique seront très différents de ceux qui prévalaient dans les années 1970. Non seulement il y a eu des changements structuraux, mais on s'est également préoccupé d'autonomie et de liberté, de responsabilité et d'appréciation en dépit des exigences gouvernementales à l'égard d'une gestion plus efficace, d'une réduction de la période d'exercice des fonctions, et de nouvelles formes de financement. Le présent article analyse ces changements dans les universités, les collèges polytechniques et les écoles normales et décrit le rôle grandissant de l'Etat. Il s'efforce également d'en dégager les leçons pour d'autres systèmes éducatifs qui font face aux même pressions. Un glossaire d'abbréviations et d'acronymes apparaît à la page 301.
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Abbreviations
- CATE:
-
Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education
- CHEs:
-
Colleges of Higher Education
- CNAA:
-
Council for National Academic Awards
- CVCP:
-
Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals
- DES:
-
Department of Education and Science (equivalent to a Ministry of Education)
- HMI:
-
Her Majesty's Inspectorate
- HMSO:
-
Her Majesty's Stationery Office
- INSET:
-
Inservice Education for Teachers
- LEA:
-
Local Education Authority
- NAB:
-
National Advisory Board for Public Sector Higher Education
- PCFC:
-
Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council
- PDEs:
-
Polytechnic Departments of Education
- PGCE:
-
Postgraduate Certificate in Education
- PICKUP:
-
Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating Programme
- PSHE:
-
Public Sector Higher Education (i.e., all higher education not under university control)
- UCET:
-
Universities Council for the Education of Teachers
- UDEs:
-
University Departments of Education
- UFC:
-
Universities Funding Council
- UGC:
-
University Grants Committee
- WAB:
-
Welsh Advisory Board for Public Sector Higher Education
- ‘binary divide’:
-
the separation between universities and polytechnics, etc.
- White Paper:
-
a government document setting out official proposals prior to introducing legislation in parliament
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Watson, K. The changing pattern of higher education in England and Wales — The end of an era?. Int Rev Educ 35, 283–304 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598943
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598943