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School attributes, household characteristics, and demand for schooling: A case study of rural Peru

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Abstract

Educational expansion, long a goal of many LDCs, has become a difficult policy to pursue. Growing populations, shrinking national incomes and higher marginal costs of schooling as schooling reaches more rural dwellers have caused policy makers to take a hard look at factors which influence educational demand and expansion. This paper examines the case of Peru where rural areas have yet to attain the nearly universal enrollment of urban areas. The study examines 2500 rural households to explore reasons why children do not attend school, drop out of school, and begin school at later ages. The study finds that the monetary costs of schools (fees and other costs) have a substantial influence on parental decisions regarding school attendance and continuation. Sensitivity analysis reveals that mother's education has a bearing on their children's educational participation, particularly in low-income households. Sensitivity analysis also reveals that school attendance of low income and female children are most strongly affected by simulated changes in school fees.

Zusammenfassung

Die Ausdehnung des Schulwesens, seit langem Ziel vieler weniger entwickelten Länder, wird immer schwieriger. Wachsende Bevölkerungszahlen, sinkendes Volkseinkommen und höhere Grenzkosten im Schulwesen, da die Landbevölkerung vermehrt einbezogen wird, haben Politiker dazu veranlaßt, die Gründe für die Nachfrage nach Schulbildung und deren Ausweitung genau zu analysieren. In dieser Studie wird der Fall Peru untersucht, wo die ländliche Gegenden die fast 100%ige Schulbeteiligung der Städte noch erreichen müssen. Die Studie umfaßt 2.500 ländliche Haushalte, und sollte herausfinden, warum Kinder nicht zur Schule gehen, früh abgehen oder zu spät eingeschult werden. Es stellte sich heraus, daß Schulkosten (Schulgebühren und andere Kosten) einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Entscheidung der Eltern über den Schulbesuch ihrer Kinder und das Verbleiben auf der Schule haben. Eine Sensibilitätsanalyse fand heraus, daß sich die Schulbildung der Mutter, besonders in Haushalten mit wenig Einkommen, auf die Schulbeteiligung der Kinder auswirkt. Diese Analyse zeigt auch, daß weibliche Schüler aus Familien mit wenig Einkommen am stärksten von simulierten Änderungen der Schulgebühren betroffen waren.

Résumé

L'expansion du système scolaire, depuis longtemps but de bon nombre de pays moins développés, est une politique qui devient difficile à poursuivre. Populations croissantes, revenus nationaux réduits, augmentation des coûts marginaux de scolarisation tant que celle-ci atteint les milieux ruraux, ont mené les décideurs à examiner de près les facteurs qui influent sur la demande de scolarisation et l'expansion du système scolaire. Cet article s'addresse au cas du Pérou, où les zones rurales ont toujours à atteindre le taux de scolarisation presque universelle des zones urbaines. L'étude examine 2500 foyers ruraux pour explorer pourquoi les enfants ne fréquentent pas l'école, quittent l'école prématurément, et commencent leur carrière scolaire à un âge plus avancé. L'étude montre que les coûts monétaires de la scolarisation (frais d'inscription et autres) exercent une influence importante sur la décision des parents quant à l'inscription scolaire et à la continuation des études. Une analyse de sensibilité révèle également que la scolarisation des enfants de familles à revenus faibles ainsi que celle des filles, sont les plus touchées par la simulation de changements des frais scolaries.

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Additional information

The authors thank Steve Klees for his comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

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Ilon, L., Moock, P. School attributes, household characteristics, and demand for schooling: A case study of rural Peru. Int Rev Educ 37, 429–451 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597620

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