Summary
Acetylcholine (5 μg/kg) and eserine (5 μg/kg) injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of sheep exposed to their critical environmental temperature resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption accompanied by shivering, an increase in rectal temperature, and an elevation in plasma free fatty acid concentration. Changes in respiratory quotient during this response suggested an increase in the metabolism of fat. Acetylcholine and eserine similarly injected into sheep exposed to 10°C above their critical environmental temperature resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption, an increase in rectal temperature and an elevation in plasma free fatty acid concentration. Changes in respiratory quotient during this response also suggested an increase in the metabolism of fat. Acetylcholine and eserine injected into panting sheep resulted in an increase in rectal temperature and an increase in the already elevated plasma free fatty acid concentration. There was no significant change in oxygen consumption and changes in respiratory quotient were inconclusive. These results indicate that central cholinergic stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the adipose tissue and adrenal medulla is not inhibited by warm reception.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bligh, J., Cottle, W.H.: The influence of ambient temperature on thermoregulatory responses to intraventricularly injected monoamines in sheep, goats and rabbits. Experientia (Basel)25, 608–609 (1969)
Bligh J., Cottle, W. H., Maskrey, M.: Influence of ambient temperature on the thermoregulatory response to 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and acetylcholine injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of sheep, goats and rabbits. J. Physiol. (Lond.)212, 377–392 (1971)
Bligh, J., Maskrey, M.: A possible role of acetylcholine in the central control of body temperature in sheep. J. Physiol. (Lond.)203, 55–57P (1969)
Bost, J., Dorleac, E.: Action du froid sur le taux plasmatique des acides gras non estérifiés (FFA) chez le mouton. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris)159, 2209–2212 (1965).
Clough, D. P., Thompson, G. E.: Effect of intraventricular noradrenaline and acetylcholine on plasma unesterified fatty acid concentration in sheep. Neuroendocrinology9, 365–374 (1972)
Darling, K. F., Thompson, G. E.: The effect of injecting acetylcholine and noradrenaline into the third cerebral ventricle, on blood pressure and plasma free fatty acids in sheep. J. Physiol. (Lond.)232, 93–94P (1973)
Dole, V. P.: A relation between non-esterified fatty acids in plasma and the metabolism of glucose. J. clin. Invest.35, 150–154 (1956)
Duncan, W. R. H., Garton, G. A.: The fatty acid composition and intramolecular structure of triglycerides derived from different sites in the body of the sheep. J. Sci. Fd. Agric.18, 99–102 (1967)
Fitzgerald, T. C.: Anatomy of cerebral ventricles of domestic animals. Vet. Med.56, 38–45 (1961)
Gordon, R. S.: Method for free fatty acids in serum. In: Lipids and the steroid hormones in clinical medicine, F. W. Sunderman and F. W. Sunderman, Jr., Eds., pp. 45–46. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company 1960
Graham, N. Mc C., Wainman, F. W., Blaxter, K. L., Armstrong, D. G.: Environmental temperature, energy metabolism and heat regulation in sheep. J. agric. Sci. Camb.52, 13–24 (1959)
Hall, G. H., Myers, R. D.: Hypothermia produced by nicotine perfused through the cerebral ventricles of the unanaesthetised monkey. Neuropharmacology10, 391–398 (1971)
McLean, J. A., Calvert, D. T.: Influence of air humidity on the partition of heat exchanges in cattle. J. agric. Sci. Camb.78, 303–307 (1972)
Metcalfe, L. D., Schmitz, A. A.: The rapid preparation of fatty acid esters for gas chromatographic analysis. Analyt. Chem.33, 363 (1961)
Miyamoto, Y.: A possible role of catecholamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in the central control of body temperature. I. The effect of intraventricular injection of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine on rectal temperature and electrical activity in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Bull. inst. const. med. Kumamoto Univ.20, 347–361 (1970)
Myers, R. D., Waller, M. B.: Differential release of acetylcholine from the hypothalamus and mesencephalon of the monkey during thermoregulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.)230, 273–293 (1973)
Myers, R. D., Yaksh, T. L.: Feeding and temperature responses in the unrestrained rat after injections of cholinergic and aminergic substances into the cerebral ventricles. Physiol. Behav.3, 917–928 (1968)
Myers, R. D., Yaksh, T. L.: Control of body temperature in the unanaesthetised monkey by cholinergic and aminergic systems in the hypothalamus. J. Physiol. (Lond.)202, 483–500 (1969)
Palmer, A. C.: Injection of drugs into the cerebral ventricle of sheep. J. Physiol. (Lond.)149, 209–214 (1959)
Pappenheimer, J. R., Heisey, S. R., Jordon, E. F., Downer, J. deC.: Perfusion of the cerebral ventricular system in unanaesthetised goats. Amer. J. Physiol.203, 763–774 (1962)
Webster, A. J. F., Heitman, J. H., Hays, F. L., Olynyk, G. P.: Catecholamines and cold thermogenesis in sheep. Canad. J. Physiol Pharmacol.47, 719–724 (1969)
Wren, J. J., Szczepanawska, A. D.: Chromatography of lipids in presence of an antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6-ditert-butyl phenol. J. Chromatogr.14, 405–410 (1964)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Darling, K.F., Findlay, J.D. & Thompson, G.E. Effect of intraventricular acetylcholine and eserine on the metabolism of sheep. Pflugers Arch. 349, 235–245 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00592451
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00592451