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Dynamics of pollutant photoreactions in the hydrosphere

Dynamik der Photoreaktionen von Verunreinigungen in der Hydrosphäre

  • Original Papers
  • Chemical Concepts in Organic Micropollutant Behaviour
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Zusammenfassung

Um kinetische Daten über den Einfluß von Sonnenlicht auf das Verhalten von Verunreinigungen in Seen und Flüssen zu erhalten, wurden licht-induzierte Umwandlungsreaktionen von organischen Chemikalien untersucht. Es ergab sich, daß die Humuskomponente der in natürlichen Wässern gelösten organischen Substanzen auf zwei Arten die aquatischen Photoreaktionen beeinflußt. durch Schwächung des Sonnenlichtes und durch Sensibilisierung der Photoreaktionen. Humus-sensibilisierte Photoreaktionen von Furanen, Sulfiden, Dienen, nitroaromatischen Verbindungen u.a. werden diskutiert. Ein Überblick wird gegeben über die Wirkung aquatischer Partikel auf die Geschwindigkeit der Photoreaktion von Verunreinigungen. Suspendierte Sedimente wirken hauptsächlich durch Lichtabschwächung und Streuung auf die Photolysegeschwindigkeit. Algen, Diatomeen und Bakterien beschleunigen lichtinduzierte Umwandlungen von Anilinen und Phosphorthioat-Insecticiden, was darauf hindeutet, daß photobiologische Prozesse eine bedeutende Rolle beim Abbau gewisser Verunreinigungen in aquatischer Umgebung spielen könnten. Es wird gezeigt, daß Nitrat, Eisenverbindungen und Peroxide für die Sonnenlicht-induzierte Oxidation freier Radikale von Verunreinigungen in natürlichen Wässern verantwortlich sein können.

Summary

Light-induced transformations of organic chemicals have been studied to provide kinetic results concerning the influence of sunlight on pollutant behavior in lakes and rivers. A review of these studies shows that the humus component of the dissolved organic matter in natural water affects aquatic photoreactions in two important ways: by attenuating sunlight and by sensitizing photoreactions. Studies of humus-sensitized photoreactions of furans, sulfides, dienes, nitroaromatic compounds, and other chemicals are discussed. Research concerning effects of aquatic particulates on pollutant photoreaction rates are reviewed. Suspended sediments mainly affect photolysis rates through light attenuation and scattering. Algae, diatoms, and bacteria accelerate light-induced transformations of anilines and phosphorothioate insecticides, suggesting that photobiological processes may play a significant role in the breakdown of certain pollutants in aquatic environments. Evidence is presented that nitrate, iron species, and peroxides may be responsible for sunlight-initiated free radical oxidations of pollutants in some natural waters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. US Environmental Protection Agency, 30613, Athens, GA, USA

    Richard G. Zepp, P. F. Schlotzhauer, M. S. Simmons, G. C. Miller, G. L. Baughman & N. L. Wolfe

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  1. Richard G. Zepp
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  2. P. F. Schlotzhauer
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  3. M. S. Simmons
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  4. G. C. Miller
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  5. G. L. Baughman
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  6. N. L. Wolfe
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Zepp, R.G., Schlotzhauer, P.F., Simmons, M.S. et al. Dynamics of pollutant photoreactions in the hydrosphere. Z. Anal. Chem. 319, 119–125 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584672

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584672

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