Summary
The titanium bone growth chamber consists of two titanium disks held together by two screws. At the level of the intersection between the disks, a 1 mm wide canal penetrates the implant. After implantation, in e.g. the rabbit, tibial metaphysis bone and vessels will grow through this canal, the contents of which are collected four weeks after surgery. Microradiography and a computer-based analysis give a numerical representation of the amount of newly formed bone in the canal. When the bone ingrowth into two identical titanium implants, one inserted in the left and the other in the right tibia, was compared, only small and insignificant differences were found in the same animal. However, when one animal was compared to another, greater differences in the bone-forming capacity were found, in spite of the fact that the rabbits were controlled with respect to race, age and sex. The osseous penetration rate into titanium canals was compared to the bone ingrowth in equally sized pipes of polymerized acrylic cement which had been inserted in the titanium chamber. In these cases there was significantly less bone formed in the cement pipes compared to the titanium controls. Poor biocompatibility of the cement compared to titanium is suggested to be one factor responsible for the reduced bone formation in the cement environment. This may be one reason for the fibrous tissue capsule generally seen around cemented implants.
Zusammenfassung
Die sogenannte „Knochenwuchskammer” besteht aus zwei Titaniumscheiben, die durch zwei Schrauben zusammengehalten werden. Auf der Kontaktebene zwischen den Scheiben wird das Implantat von einem 1 mm breiten Kanal durchzogen. Nach der Implantation, z. B. in die Tibiametaphyse des Kaninchens, wachsen Knochen und Blutgefäße in diesen Kanal, die 4 Wochen nach der Implantation entnommen werden. Mikroradiographie und Computeranalyse ergeben eine numerische Erfassung der neugebildeten Knochenmenge in dem Kanal. Nach der Implantation identischer Titanium-implantate in die rechte und linke Tibiametaphyse des gleichen Tieres wurden nur unbedeutende Differenzen der Knochenmenge gefunden. Beim Vergleich verschiedener Tiere miteinander wurden größere Unterschiede festgestellt, obwohl es sich um Tiere handelte, die hinsichtlich Rasse, Alter und Geschlecht vergleichbar waren. Die knöcherne Penetrationsrate in den Titaniumkanälen wurde mit dem Einwachsen von Knochengewebe in gleich große Röhren aus polymerisiertem Acrylzement verglichen, die in die Titaniumkammer eingesetzt worden waren. In diesen Fällen hatte sich signifikant weniger Knochen in den Zementröhren gebildet. Es wird angenommen, daß die geringere Biokompatibilität des Zementes, verglichen mit Titanium, einer der verantwortlichen Faktoren für die reduzierte Knochenneubildung ist. Dies könnte eine Ursache für die fibröse Gelenkkapsel sein, die generell um zementierte Implantate herum gesehen wird.
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Albrektsson, T. Osseous penetration rate into implants pretreated with bone cement. Arch. Orth. Traum. Surg. 102, 141–147 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575222
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575222