Summary
Two experiments were done on eight males who were to receive diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for epilepsy: the metabolic disposition of phenazone (antipyrine, 14 mg/kg p.o.) was examined before and after 2.5–6 months of treatment with DPH (300 mg/day). The average half-life of phenazone fell from 10.0 h in the first study to 6.1 h after DPH treatment; and the urinary excretion of unchanged phenazone decreased within 24 h from 28.5 mg (2.8% of the dose) to 18.1 mg (1.8% of the dose). Similar results were obtained when data were calculated on the basis of the output of creatinine. The amount of 4-OH-phenazone, the principal hydroxylated metabolite excreted in the urine in the 24 h after dosing, increased from 185 mg (18% of the dose) to 300 mg (29.5% of the dose) during treatment with DPH. In an additional epileptic patient, who suffered from Icterus juvenilis Meulengracht, the half-life of phenazone decreased from 20.7 h to 6.6 h after 22 days treatment with DPH (300 mg/day); the serum bilirubin concentration fell from 2.6 mg% to 1.0 mg% during the same period. The results are considered to show increased activity of hepatic microsomal drug hydroxylating systems, which can be attributed to treatment with DPH for several weeks.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
Arnold, K., Gerber, N.: The rate of decline of diphenylhydantoin in human plasma. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.11, 121–134 (1970)
Booker, H.E., Tormey, A., Toussaint, J.: Concurrent administration of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin: lack of interference effect. Neurology (Minneap.)21, 383–385 (1971)
Brodie, B.B., Axelrod, J., Soberman, R., Levy, B.B.: The estimation of antipyrine in biological materials. J. biol. Chem.179, 25–29 (1949)
Brooks, S.M., Werk, E.E., Ackermann, S.J., Sullivan, J., Thrasher, K.: Adverse effects of phenobarbital on corticosteroid metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma. New Engl. J. Med.286, 1125–1128 (1972)
Buchanan, R.A., Allen, R.J.: Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin®) and phenobarbital blood levels in epileptic patients. Neurology (Minneap.)21, 866–871 (1971)
Buchanan, R.A., Kinkel, A.W., Goulet, J.R., Smith, T.C.: The metabolism of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin®) following once-daily administration. Neurology (Minneap.)22, 126–130 (1972)
Cucinell, S.A., Koster, R., Conney, A.H., Burns, J.J.: Stimulatory effect of phenobarbital on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther.141, 157–160 (1963)
Cucinell, S.A., Conney, A.H., Sansur, M., Burns, J.J.: Drug interactions in man. I. Lowering effect of phenobarbital on plasma levels of bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) and diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin®). Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.6, 420–429 (1965)
Eichelbaum, M., Bodem, G., Schneider-Deters, Ch.: Antipyrine half-life, antipyrine metabolism and thyroid function. Arch. Pharmacol.277, R-14 (1973)
Elies, W., Heni, N., Remmer, H.: The effect of some drugs on lipids and drug metabolizing enzymes in experimental fatty liver of the rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmak.266, 317 (1970)
Eling, T.E., Harbison, R.D., Becker, B.A., Fouts, J.R.: Diphenylhydantoin effect on neonatal and adult rat hepatic drug metabolism. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther.171, 127–134 (1970)
Eling, T.E., Harbison, R.D., Becker, B.A., Fouts, J.R.: Kinetic changes in microsomal drug metabolism with age and diphenylhydantoin treatment. Europ. J. Pharmacol.11, 101–108 (1970)
Frey, H.H., Kampmann, E., Nielsen, L.K.: Study on combined treatment with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin. Acta pharmacol. (Kbh.)26, 284–292 (1968)
Garrettson, L.K., Dayton, P.G.: Disappearance of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin from serum of children. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.11, 674–679 (1970)
Gerber, N., Arnold, K.: Studies on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin in mice. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther.167, 77–90 (1969)
Glazko, A.J., Chang, T., Baukema, J., Dill, W.A., Goulet, J.R., Buchanan, R.A.: Metabolic disposition of diphenylhydantoin in normal human subjects following intravenous administration. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.10, 498–504 (1969)
Hahn, T.J., Hendin, B.A., Scharp, C.R., Haddad, J.G.: Effect of chronic anticonvulsant therapy on serum 25-HO-calciferol levels in adults. New Engl. J. Med.287, 900–904 (1972)
Halberkann, J., Fretwurst, F.: Die Stoffwechselprodukte des Pyramidons und verwandter Verbindungen beim Menschen. 1. Arch. Inst. Biol. (Sao Paulo)11, 149 (1940) 2. Z. physiol. Chem.285, 97–127 (1950)
Hansen, J.M., Siersbaek-Nielsen, Skovsted, L.: Carbamazepine-induced acceleration of diphenylhydantoin and warfarin metabolism in man. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.12, 539–543 (1971)
Hansen, H.M., Siersbaek-Nielsen, Kristensen, M., Skovsted, L., Christensen, L.K.: Effect of diphenylhydantoin on the metabolism of dicumarol in man. Acta med. scand.189, 15–19 (1971)
Hirschmann, J.: Die Kontrolle der Diphenylhydantoin-Dosierung bei Anfallsleiden durch Bestimmung der Serumspiegel. Med. Welt20 (N.F.), 705–710 (1969)
Hunter, J., Carrella, M., Maxwell, J.D., Stewart, D.A., Williams, R.: Urinary D-glucaric-acid excretion as a test for hepatic enzyme induction in man. Lancet1971 I, 572–574
Hunter, J., Maxwell, J.D., Stewart, D.A., Parsons, V., Williams, R.: Altered calcium metabolism in epileptic children on anticonvulsants. Brit. med. J.1971 IV, 202–206
Kristensen, M., Hansen, J.M., Skovsted, L.: The influence of phenobarbital on the half-life of diphenylhydantoin in man. Acta med. scand.185, 347–350 (1969)
Kutt, H., Haymes, J., Verebely, K., Mc Dowell, F.: The effect of phenobarbital on plasma diphenylhydantoin level and metabolism in man and in rat liver microsomes. Neurology (Minneap.)19, 611–616 (1969)
Livingstone, S., Berman, W., Pauli, L.L.: Anticonvulsant drugs and vitamine D-metabolism. J. Amer. med. Ass.22, 1634–1635 (1973)
Lücking, Th., Delling, G.: Schwere rachitische Osteopathie bei antiepileptischer Langzeitbehandlung. Dtsch. med. Wschr.98, 1036–1040 (1973)
Mac Donald, M.G., Robinson, D.S., Sylvester, D., Jaffe, J.J.: The effects of phenobarbital, chloral betaine and glutethimide administration on warfarin plasma levels and hypoprothrombinemic responses in man. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.10, 81–84 (1969)
O'Malley, K., Crooks, J., Duke, E., Stevenson, I.H.: Effect of age and sex on human drug metabolism. Brit. med. J.1971 III, 607–609
Remmer, H., Hirschmann, J., Greiner, I.: Die Bedeutung von Kumulation und Elimination für die Dosierung von Phenytoin (Diphenylhydantoin). Dtsch. med. Wschr.94, 1265–1272 (1969)
Remmer, H.: Induction of drug metabolizing enzyme system in the liver. Europ. J. clin. Pharmacol.5, 116–136 (1972)
Remmer, H., Schoene, B., Fleischmann, R.A.: Induction of the unspecific microsomal hydroxylase in the human liver. Drug Metabol. Disposit.1, 224–229 (1973)
Rizzo, M., Morselli, P.L., Garattini, S.: Further observations on the interactions between phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin during chronic treatment in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol.21, 449–454 (1972)
Schaefer, K., Flury, W.H., Herrath, D., Kraft, D., Schweingruber, R.: Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsel und Antiepileptica. Schweiz. med. Wschr.102, 785–791 (1972)
Schüppel, R.: Pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen an der alkoholisierten Ratte. Dissertation, Mathem.-naturwiss. Fakultät Tübingen 1968
Sher, S.P.: Drug enzyme induction and drug interaction: Literature tabulation. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol.18, 780–834 (1971)
Sotaniemi, E., Arvela, P., Hakkarainen, H., Huhti, E.: The clinical significance of microsomal enzyme induction in the therapy of epileptic patients. Ann. clin. Res.2, 223–227 (1970)
Stevenson, J.H., Browning, M., Crooks, J., O'Malley, K.: Changes in human drug metabolism after long-term exposure to hypnotics. Brit. med. J.1972 IV, 322–324
Svensmark, O., Schiller, P.J., Buchthal, F.: 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) blood levels after oral or intravenous dosage in man. Acta pharmacol. toxicol.16, 331–346 (1960)
Szeberenyi, S., Tacconi, M.T., Garattini, S.: Increased metabolism of metyrapone in rats pretreated with diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital. Endocrinology85, 575–576 (1969)
Taussky, H.H.: Creatinine and creatine in urine and serum. In: Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry, pp. 99–112 (Seligson, D. Ed.) New York: Academic Press 1961
Werk, E.E., Mc Gee, J., Sholiton, L.J.: Effect of diphenylhydantoin on cortisol metabolism in man. J. clin. Invest.43, 1824–1835 (1964)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Petruch, F., Schüppel, R.V.A. & Steinhilber, G. Effect of diphenylhydantoin on hepatic drug hydroxylation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 7, 281–285 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00560345
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00560345