Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a normal flame treatment caused a high level of oxidation in low-density polyethylene. 0.02% of the antioxidant 2,6-ditertbuty-p-cresol did not reduce the degree of oxidation or the level of adhesion in contrast to the extrusion of low-density polyethylene. It is estimated that the depth of oxidation is between 40 and 90 Å which is much less than for a moderate chromic acid treatment or with extrusion. There were no significant changes in the XP-spectra or adhesion levels of flame treated samples after 12 months.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. A. Zisman, Ind. Eng. Chem. 55 (10) (1963) 19.
M. J. Barbarisi, Nature 215 (1967) 383.
K. Bright and B. W. Malpass, Eur. Polymer J. 4 (1968) 431.
R. H. Hansen and H. Schonhorn, Polymer Letters 4 (1966) 203.
J. J. Bikerman, Ind. Eng. Chem. 59 (9) (1967) 40.
H. Schonhorn and F. W. Ryan, J. Polymer Sci. A2 6 (1968) 231.
D. Briggs, D. M. Brewis and M. B. Konieczko, J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 1270.
idem, ibid 12 (1971) 429.
W. H. Kreidl, U.S. Pat. 2,632,921 (1953).
D. Briggs, D. M. Brewis and M. B. Konieczko, Eur. Polymer J. 14 (1978) 1.
B. J. Lindberg, J. Electron Spectrosc. 5 (1974) 149.
E. D. Stucky, D. A. Matthews, J. Hedman, M. Klasson and C. Nordling, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94 (1972) 8009.
V. Charlton, personal communication.
D. Briggs, D. M. Brewis and M. B. Konieczko, Preprints, Polymer Surfaces Symposium, Durham, March (1977), and work to be published.
R. L. Ayres and D. L. Shofner, SPE J. 28 (12) (1972) 51.
R. M. Fristrom and A. A. Westenberg, “Flame Structure” (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965).
A. G. Gaydon, “The spectroscopy of flames”, 2nd edn. (Chapman and Hall, London, 1974).
D. T. Clark and H. R. Thomas, J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Chem. Ed. 15 (1977) 2843.
A. R. Blythe, D. Briggs, C. R. Kendall, D. G. Rance and V. J. I. Zichy, Polymer 19 (1978) 1273.
D. Briggs, D. M. Brewis and M. B. Konieczko, unpublished work.
D. T. Clark, A. Dilks and H. R. Thomas, “Developments in Polymer Degradation”, edited by N.Grassie (Applied Science Publishers, 1977) p. 112.
S. Leeds, Tappi 44 (1) (1961).
E. A. Smith, SPE J. February (1962) 157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Briggs, D., Brewis, D.M. & Konieczko, M.B. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of polymer surfaces. J Mater Sci 14, 1344–1348 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549306
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549306