Abstract
Certain deleterious effects on a solid nuclear waste form, though not yet quantitatively defined, could occur due to transmutations of the type 137Cs+ → 137Ba2+ and 90Sr2+ → 90Zr4+ (of half-life, t 1/2, approximately 30 years in both cases). The relevant causes of such possible effects are the valence and size changes. In this paper, a chemical mitigation strategy is explicitly formulated: if the transmuting species can be incorporated in a multiple-cation host, in which one of the inert cations is a variable-valence transition metal, the valence-change aspect of transmutation can be mitigated by a complementary valence change of the transition metal ion. A generalized scheme is:
where R is a transition metal. The present work involved chemically simulating the transmutation and then attempting to find a Cs- or Sr-bearing single-phase host which would remain single-phase after the transmutation had occurred. Of several structures investigated, perovskite appears to be promising as the A-site can accommodate the approximately 20% size change which occurs when Cs decays to Ba. Ta and Nb were used as the variable-valence ions in the B-site. The application of the results to unpartitioned and partitioned nuclear wastes is discussed.
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Vance, E.R., Roy, R., Pepin, J.G. et al. Chemical mitigation of the transmutation problem in crystalline nuclear waste radiophases. J Mater Sci 17, 947–952 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00543512
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00543512