Summary
Electron-microscopic studies of peripheral nerves as prepared by the freezeetching method show the myelin lamella to be 185 Å thick. This is the same dimension found by x-ray diffraction analysis of natural myelin. In contrast to the appearance of osmiumfixed material, the cytoplasmic surfaces of the paired membranes in the myelin lamella are apposed to two fine, separate lines, while the outer membrane sides are fused into a broader single line. The finding of a decidedly different structure for the outer and for the inner membrane surfaces appears to be the cause of the difference factor.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Branton, D.: Fracture faces of frozen membranes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 1048–1056 (1966).
Danielli, J. F., and H. Davson: A contribution to the theory of permeability of thin films. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 5, 495–508 (1953).
Fernández-Morán, H.: Sheath and axon structures in the internode portion of vertebrate myelinated nerve fibers. An electron microscope study of rat and frog sciatic nerves. Exp. Cell Res. 1, 309–337 (1950).
—: The submicroscopic organization of vertebrate nerve fibres. Exp. Cell Res. 3, 282–359 (1952).
—: The submicroscopic structure of the nerve fibres. Progr. Biophys. 4, 112–147 (1954).
—: Cell membrane ultrastructure: Low-temperature electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of lipoprotein components in lamellar systems. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 40, 234–267 (1962).
—, and J. B. Finean: Electron microscope and low-angle X-ray diffraction studies of the nerve myelin sheath. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 725–748 (1957).
Finean, J. B.: Phospholipid-cholesterol complex in the structure of myelin. Experientia (Basel) 9, 17–19 (1953).
—: X-ray diffraction analysis of nerve myelin. In: Modern scientific aspects of neurology. J. N. Cumings, ed.), London: p. 232–254. E. Arnold 1960.
—: The molecular structure of myelin. Wld Neurol. 2, 466–478 (1961).
—: Correlation of electron Microscope and X-ray diffraction data in ultrastructure studies of lipoprotein membrane systems. In: The interpretation of ultrastructure (R. J. C. Harris, ed.), p. 89–99. New York and London: Academic Press 1962.
—: Molecular parameters in the nerve myelin sheath. — Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 122, 51–56 (1965).
Geren, B.: The formation from the Schwann cell surface of myelin in the peripheral nerves of chick embryos. Exp. Cell Res. 7, 558–562 (1954).
Moor, H.: The performance of freeze-etching and the interpretation of results concerning the surface structure of membranes and the fine structure of microtubules and spindle fibres. Balzer's Rep. 9, 1–11 (1966).
—, and K. Mühlethaler: Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J. Cell Biol. 17, 609–628 (1963).
Rebhun, L. I., and G. Sander: Freeze-substitution studies of glycerol impregnated cells. In: Sixth Internat. Congr. f. Electron Microscopy Kyoto, 1966/II. p. 49–50. Tokyo: Maruzen 1966.
Robertson, J. D.: The ultrastructure of adult vertebrate peripheral myelinated fibers in relation to myelinogenesis. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1, 271–278 (1955).
—: New observations on the ultrastructure of the membranes of frog peripheral nerve fibres. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 1043–1048 (1957).
—: The ultrastructure of Schmidt-Lanterman clefts and related shearing defects of the myelin sheath. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4, 39–46 (1958).
—: The ultrastructure of cell membranes and their derivatives. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 16, 3–43 (1959).
Schmitt, F. O., and R. S. Bear: The ultrastructure of the nerve axon sheath. Biol. Rev. 14, 27–51 (1939).
— —, and G. L. Clark: X-ray diffraction studies on nerve. Radiology 25, 131–151 (1935).
Schmidt, W. J.: Doppelbrechung und Feinbau der Markscheide der Nervenfasern. Z. Zellforsch. 23, 657–676 (1936).
Steere, R. L.: Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 45–60 (1957).
Sjöstrand, F. S.: Electron microscopic demonstration of membrane structure isolated from nerve tissue. Proe. Conf. Electr. Micr. Delft 1949, p. 144 (1950).
—: The lamellated structure of the nerve myelin sheath as revealed by high resolution electron microscopy. Experientia (Basel) 9, 68–69 (1953).
—: A new microtome for ultrathin sectioning for high resolution electron microscopy. Experientia (Basel) 9, 114–115 (1953).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation (Nr. 4065). — Acknowledgement: We thank the Balzers AG. (9496 Balzers, Fürstentum Liechtenstein) for providing us with the High Vakuum Device.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bischoff, A., Moor, H. The ultrastructure of the “difference factor” in the myelin. Z.Zellforsch 81, 571–580 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00541015
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00541015