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Cryostat technique for fresh plant tissues and its application in enzyme histochemistry

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Summary

A rapid cryostat technique for sectioning fresh plant tissues is described. The plant tissues are embedded in unfixed brain, frozen with CO2 and sectioned in a cryostat at temperatures ranging from-12° to-18° C for different plant materials. Embedding in brain prevents disruption of plant tissues during freezing and sectioning. The sections are allowed to dry in the cryostat and must be warmed slowly to room temperature before starting histochemical experiments to avoid thawing artefacts.

For histological evaluations rapid fixation and staining procedures were elaborated.

The reliability of the technique is shown for different tissues of higher plants.

Cytochemical localization of some enzymes in meristematic cells is given as an example for the application of the cryostat technique in histochemistry. From the dehydrogenases, NAD-diaphorase is found in the cytoplasm, lactic dehydrogenase seems to be bound to the mitochondria and distributed in the cytoplasm, especially near the nuclear membrane; succinic and isocitric dehydrogenases are localized within the mitochondria. The site of aliesterase activity is close to the plasm membrane. No enzyme activity was found in the nuclei.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird eine einfache Kryostatschnitt-Technik für natives Pflanzengewebe beschrieben. Die Gewebe werden in unfixiertes Gehirn eingebettet, mit CO2 eingefroren und in einem Kryostat bei Temperaturen geschnitten, die je nach Pflanzenmaterial zwischen-12° und-18°C liegen. Die Gehirneinbettung verhindert ein Zerreißen der Planzengewebe während des Einfrierens und Schneidens. Man läßt die Schnitte im Kryostaten trocknen und erwärmt sie langsam auf Zimmertemperatur, um Auftauartefakte zu vermeiden.

Einfache Fixierungs-und Färbeverfahren werden für histologische Untersuchungen angegeben.

Die Zuverlässigkeit der Kryostatmethode wird an Hand von Schnitten durch verschiedene Pflanzengewebe gezeigt.

Als Beispiel für die Anwendung der Kryostat-Technik in der Histochemie dient die cytochemische Lokalisierung einiger Enzyme in meristematischen Zellen. Von den untersuchten Dehydrogenasen ist die NAD-Diaphorase im Cytoplasma nachweisbar, die Milchsäuredehydrogenase scheint sowohl gebunden in den Mitochondrien als auch im Cytoplasma, vor allem in der Umgebung der Kernmembran vorzukommen. Bernsteinsäure-und Isocitronensäuredehydrogenase sind in den Mitochondrien lokalisiert. Die Aktivität der Aliesterase befindet sich nahe der Plasmamembran. Im Zellkern konnte keines der untersuchten Enzyme nachgewiesen werden.

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Läuchli, A. Cryostat technique for fresh plant tissues and its application in enzyme histochemistry. Planta 70, 13–25 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00539906

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