Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photophysical properties of polymers with a system of conjugated bonds and their use in light energy conversion processes

  • Published:
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry Aims and scope

Abstract

We consider the photophysical properties of polymers with a system of conjugated bonds and their use in light energy conversion processes. Based on our analysis of literature data we show that conjugated polymers of different classes (capable of exhibiting the properties of a dielectric, a semiconductor, or a metal) are characterized by efficient photoconductivity, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence. We determine the regularities in the dependence of the photophysical characteristics on the nature and structure of the conjugated polymers, their degree of doping, the energy and intensity of the incident light, the temperature, etc. In a series of polymers we show that conjugated polymers can be used in particular as photoconductors, electrophotographic materials, materials for lasers, electroluminescent diodes, and also solid-state photoconverters of light energy etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. S. Miller, Adv. Mater., 5, No. 7/8, 587–589 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. S. Miller, Adv. Mater., 5, No. 9, 671–677 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Roth and W. Graupner, Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 3623–3631 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H.-H. Hörhold, M. Helbig, D. Raabe, et al., Z. Chem., 27, No. 4, 126–137 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  5. V. A. Sergeev, V. I. Nedel'kin, and S. A. Arnautov, Vysokomolek. Soedin. A, 27, No. 5, 699–913 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Iwatsuki, M. Kubo, and N. Kamei, Chem. Lett., No. 8, 1551–1554 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Hayashi, K. Keneto, K. Yoshino et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 55, No. 6, 1971–1980 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  8. I. Katsumi, Nihon Kagaku Gijutsu, 27, No. 240, 44–49 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. R. Chance, L. W. Shacklette, G. G. Miller, et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., No. 8, 348–349 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. T. C. Clarke, K. K. Kanazawa, V. J. Lee, et al., J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Phys. Ed., 20, No. 1, 117–130 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  11. L. W. Shacklette, R. L. Elsenbaumer, R. R. Chance, et al., J. Chem. Phys. 75, No. 4, 1919–1927 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. N. Baughman, J. L. Bredas, R. R. Chance, et al., Chem. Rev., 82, No. 2, 209–222 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  13. E. W. Paul, A. J. Ricco, and M. S. Wrighton, J. Phys. Chem., 89, No. 8, 1441–1447 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. Heinze, J. Mortensen, and K. Hinkelmann, Synth. Met., 21, No. 2, 209–214 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Ofer and M. S. Wrighton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, No. 13, 4467–4468 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. M. Crooks, O. M. R. Chyan, and M. S. Wrighton, Chem. Mater., 1, No. 1, 2–4 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. Ofer, R. M. Crooks, and M. S. Wrighton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, No. 22, 7869–7879 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. R. Chance, D. S. Boudreux, J. L. Bredas, and R. Silbey, in: Handbook of Conducting Polymers, T. A. Skotheim (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. Orata and D. A. Buttry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, No. 12, 3574–3581 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  20. V. S. Myl'nikov, Photoconductivity of Polymers [in Russian], Khimiya, Leningrad (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. Bub, Photoconductivity of Solids [Russian translation], Izdat. Inostr. Lit., Moscow (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. M. Ryvkin, Photoelectric Phenomena in Semiconductors [in Russian], Fizmatgiz, Moscow (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  23. F. Rouz, Principles of the Theory of Photoconductivity [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Matsui and K. Nakamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 6, 1468–1469 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  25. T. Tani, P. M. Grant, W. D. Gill, et al., Solid State Commun., 33, No. 5, 499–503 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Etemad, A. J. Heeger, L. Lauchlan, et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 77, No. 1, 43–63 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  27. L. Lauchlan, S. Etemad, T.-C. Chung, et al., Phys. Rev. B, 26, No. 7, 3701–3711 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Etemad, A. J. Heeger, and A. G. MacDiarmid, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 33, No. 1, 443–469 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. J. Heeger, Polym. J., 17, No. 1, 201–208 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Etemad, M. Ozaki, A. J. Heeger, and A. G. MacDiarmid, Chem. Scr., 17, No. 1–5 (1981); International Conference on Low-Dimensional Synth. Met., Helsingor, Aug. 10–15, 1980; pp. 159–160.

  31. S. Etemad and A. J. Heeger, in: Proceedings of Conference on Nonlinear Problems: Present and Future, Los Alamos, New Mexico, March 2–6, 1981; Amsterdam (1982), pp. 209–227.

  32. S. Etemad, T. Mitani, M. Ozaki, et al., Solid State Commun., 40, No. 1, 75–79 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  33. H. Kiess, R. Keller, D. Baeriswyl, and G. Harbeke, Solid State Commun., 44, No. 10, 1443–1447 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Miura, S. Kamagami, H. Takezoe, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt., 2, 22, No. 4, 264–266 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  35. B. R. Weinberger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 50, No. 21, 1694–1696 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  36. F. Galluzzi and M. Schwarz, Chem. Phys. Lett., 105, No. 1, 95–98 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  37. T. Baumann, K. J. Donovan, E. Göbel, and S. Roth, Mater. Sci. (PRL), 10, No. 1/2, 23–26 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  38. F. Galluzzi, M. Schwarz, and U. Pedretti, Synth. Met., 10, No. 3, 205–211 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. Dorsinville, S. Krimchansky, R. R. Alfano, et al., Solid State Commun., 56, No. 10, 857–861 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  40. P. D. Townsend and R. H. Friend, J. Phys. C., 20, No. 26, 4221–4228 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  41. H. Bleier, G. Leising, and S. Roth, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 521–526 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  42. S. Roth and H. Bleier, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 503–508 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  43. R. Dorsinville, M. Szalkiewicz, R. Tobino, et al., Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 509–514 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  44. T. Kobayashi, M. Yoshizawa, H. Fujimoto, and J. Tanaka, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 367–372 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  45. K. Sasaki, T. Kubo, H. Takezoe, and A. Fukuda, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 990–993 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  46. P. D. Townsend and R. H. Friend, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 361–366 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  47. D. Moses, M. Sinclair, and A. J. Heeger, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 515–520 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  48. H. Bleier, S. Roth, H. Lobentanzer, and G. Leising, Europhys. Lett., 4, No. 12, 1397–1402 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  49. A. Walser, A. Seas, R. Dorsinville, et al., Solid State Commun., 67, No. 4, 333–338 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Z. Vardeny, H. T. Grahn, L. Chen, and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 28, No. 3, D167-D174 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  51. P. D. Townsend and R. H. Friend, Synth. Met., 28, No. 3, D181-D188 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  52. R. Tubino, R. Dorsinville, A. Walser, et al., Synth. Met., 28, No. 3, D175-D180 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  53. H. Bleier, K. Donovan, R. H. Friend, et al., Synth. Met., 28, No. 3, D189-D195 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  54. I. A. Drabkin, V. I. Tsaryuk, M. I. Cherkashin, et al., Élektrokhimiya, 6, No. 1, 65–69 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  55. I. A. Drabkin, V. I. Tsaryuk, M. I. Cherkashin, et al., Élektrokhimiya, 6, No. 2, 158–162 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. I. Kadyrov, L. S. Kol'tsova, I. A. Sokolik, et al., Khim. Vysok. Énerg., 17, No. 1, 68–75 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  57. E. T. Kang, P. Ehrlich, A. P. Bhatt, et al., Macromolecules, 17, No. 5, 1020–1024 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  58. K. Yoshino, H. B. Gu, M. s. Yum, et al., in: Abstracts, International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Xian, June 24–29, 1985; Vol. 1, pp. 251–254.

  59. S. Mespurek, in: Conference on Polymer Physics, Leipzig, September 22–25, 1986 (Brief Reports and Poster Papers), Leipzig (1986), p. 94–97.

  60. M. Inoue, Y. Takai, T. Mizutani, and M. Ieda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 1, 25, No. 8, 1174–1177 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  61. N. T. Segizova, M. A. Tlenkopachev, Yu. V. Korshak, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. B, 32, No. 1, 52–55 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Xiang-feng Jin, Shu-gin Zhou, Ren-yuan Qian, et al., in: Proceedings, IS and T's 7th International Congress, Advances on Non-Impact Printer Technology, Portland, Oregon, Oct. 6–11, 1991; Springfield, Virginia (1991), Vol. 1, pp. 344–350.

  63. A. S. Siddigui, J. Phys. C., 13, No. 11, 2147–2159 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  64. L. Sebastian and G. Weiser, Phys. Rev. Lett., 46, No. 17, 1156–1159 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  65. O. A. Yuzhakova, I. V. Bulgarovskaya, V. M. Vozzhennikov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. A. 25, No. 9, 1966–1971 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  66. H. Ohnuma, K. Hasegawa, and T. Kotaka, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Chem. Ind. Chem., No. 3, 412–415 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  67. D. Moses, M. Sinclair, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, No. 25, 2710–2713 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  68. S. M. Fomin, A. I. Stash, G. N. Gerasimov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin, B: Kratkie Soobshch., 30, No. 2, 132–135 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. Sworakowski, Synth. Met., 37, No. 1–3, 305–311 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  70. H.-H. Hörhold and J. Opfermann, Makromol. Chem., 131, No. 1, 105–123 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  71. H.-H. Hörhold, Z. Chem., 12, No. 2, 41–52 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  72. G. Kossmehl, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 83, No. 4, 417–426 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. Opfermann and H.-H. Hörhold, Z. Phys. Chem. (DDR), 261, No. 6, 1161–1170 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  74. J. Krüger, J. Opfermann, and H.-H. Hörhold, Potsdam. Forsch. B., No. 47, 51 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  75. S. Tokito, T. Tsutsui, R. Tanaka, and S. Saito, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 2, 25, No. 8, 680–681 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  76. H.-H. Hörhold, M. Helbig, D. Raabe, et al., Z. Chem., 27, No. 4, 126–137 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  77. D. D. C. Bradley, Y. Q. Shen, H. Bleier, and S. Roth, Phys. C, 21, No. 15, 515–522 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  78. D. D. C. Bradley, N. F. Colameri, and R. H. Friend, Synth. Met., 29, No. 1, 121–127 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  79. J. Obrzut, M. J. Obrzut, and F. E. Karasz, Synth. Met., 29, No. 1, 103–108 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  80. H. Bleier, Y. Q. Shen, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., Synth. Met., 29, No. 1, E73-E78 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  81. A. Yu. Kryukov, A. Ch. Saidov, A. V. Vannikov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. B., 32, No. 5, 328–332 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  82. A. Yu. Kryukov, A. V. Vannikov, A. A. Pakhratdinov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. A, 32, No. 2, 348–353 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  83. A. V. Vannikov, A. Yu. Kryukov, and H.-H. Hörhold, Synth. Met., 41, No. 1/2, 331–334 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Ch. Saidov, A. Yu. Kryukov, and A. V. Vannikov, Zh. Nauch. Prikl. Fotografii, 37, No. 5, 377–381 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Yu. Kryukov, A. Ch. Saidov, A. V. Vannikov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. B, 34, No. 2, 12–20 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  86. J. D. W. Samuel, F. Raksi, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 15–21 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  87. V. S. Myl'nikov, A. M. Sladkov, Yu. P. Kudryavtsev, et al., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 144, No. 4, 840–843 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  88. V. S. Myl'nikov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 148, No. 3, 620–623 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  89. V. S. Myl'nikov, E. K. Putseiko, and A. N. Terenin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 149, No. 4, 897–900 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  90. V. S. Myl'nikov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 157, No. 5, 1184–1187 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  91. A. R. Tameev, T. S. Zhuravleva, A. V. Vannikov, et al., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 280, No. 6, 1398–1400 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  92. A. R. Tameev, T. S. Zhuravleva, A. V. Vanikov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin., 29, No. 10, 2186–2194 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  93. J. G. Rabe, W. F. Schmidt, and K. Yoshino, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 2, 24, No. 8, 583–585 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  94. K. Kaneto and K. Yoshino, Synth. Met., 18, No. 1–3, 133–138 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  95. J. Rühe, N. F. Colaneri, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., J. Phys. Condens. Mater., 2, No. 24, 5465–5477 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  96. C. Yu. S. D. Phillips, H. Tomazawa, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B, 42, No. 5, 3004–3010 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  97. N. T. Binh, M. Gailberger, and H. Bässler, Synth. Met., 47, No. 1, 77–86 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  98. R. P. McCall, M. G. Roe, J. M. Ginder, et al., Synth. Met., 29, No. 1, E433-E438 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Y. H. Kim, S. D. Phillips, M. J. Nowak, et al., 29, No.1, E291–E296 (1989).

  100. S. D. Phillips, G. Yu, Y. Cao, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B., 39, No. 15, 10702–10707 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  101. J. Lei, Zh. Cai, and C. R. Martin, Synth. Met., 46, No. 1, 53–69 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Olle Inganäs, Bo Liedberg, Chang-ru Wu, and Hans Wunberg, Synth. Met., 11, No. 4/5, 239–249 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  103. V. S. Myl'nikov, Usp. Khim., 43, No. 10, 1821–1843 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  104. V. S. Myl'nikov, Usp. Khim., 50, No. 10, 1872–1891 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  105. J. Simon and J.-J. Andre, Molecular Semiconductors [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  106. S. A. Brazovskii, Pis'ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz., 28, No. 10, 656–660 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  107. S. A. Brazovskii, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz., 78, No. 2, 677–698 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  108. S. A. Brazovskii and N. N. Kirova, Pis'ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz., 33, No. 1, 6–10 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  109. W. P. Su, F. Schrieffer, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 42, 1698–1701 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  110. W. P. Su, F. Schrieffer, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B, 22, 2099–2106 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  111. W. P. Su and F. Schrieffer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 5626–5633 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  112. C. V. Shank, P. Yen, R. L. Fork, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 49, No. 22, 1660–1663 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  113. G. B. Blanchet, C. R. Fincher, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, No. 23, 2132–2135 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  114. M. Yoshizawa, T. Kobayashi, H. Fujumoto, et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 56, No. 2, 768–780 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  115. B. É. Davydov, G. N. Demidova, F. M. Nasirov, et al., Élektrokhimiya, 1, No. 7, 876–879 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  116. A. A. Berlin, I. A. Drabkin, L. D. Rozenshtein, et al., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., No. 6, 1339–1341 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  117. I. M. Kashirskii, V. V. Snishchkii, G. F. Myachina, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. A, 23, No. 1, 207–211 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  118. V. A. Sergeev, L. I. Vdovina, Yu. K. Glotova, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. B., 27, No. 8, 564–566 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  119. Y. Kuwane, T. Masuda, and T. T. Higashimura, Polym. J., 12, No. 2, 387–392 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  120. H.-H. Hörhold and M. Helbig, Makromol. Chem. Makromol. Symp., 12, 229–235 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  121. P. J. Melz, J. Chem. Phys., 57, No. 4, 1694–1699 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  122. H.-H. Herhold, I. Opfermann, D. Raabe, et al., Izv. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, Ser. Khim., No. 6, 23–29 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  123. A. Yu. Kryukov, A. Ch. Saidov, and A. V. Vannikov, Mendeleev Commun., No. 1, 15–16 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  124. F. Ch. Saidov, A. Yu. Kryukov, A. V. Vannikov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. A/B, 35, No. 1, 52A-57A (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  125. R. H. Friend, D. D. C. Bradley, and P. D. Townsend, J. Phys. D., 20, No. 11, 1367–1384 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  126. H. H. Herkhold, I. Gotschald, R. Bergmann, et al., “Electrophotographic material,” E. Ger. Pat. 114874, IPC G 03 G 5/00; Publ. 20.08.75.

  127. H.-H. Herkhold, I. Gotschald, R. Bergmann, et al., US Pat. 3992203, IPC G 03 G 5/00; Publ. 20.08.75.

  128. Y. Nakamura, M. Kuroda, and N. Furusho, “Photosensitive member for electrophotography,” US Pat. 4917981, IPC G 03 G 5/06; Publ. 17.04.90.

  129. H.-H. Herkhold, I. Opfermann, H.-I. Palme, et al., “Panchromatically sensitized photoconducting layers,” E. Ger. Pat. 146112, IPC G 03 G 5/04; Publ. 21.01.81.

  130. H.-H. Herkhold, I. Opfermann, D. Raabe, et al., “Photoconducting layered material for electrophotography,” E. Ger. Pat. 261005, IPC G 03 G 5/04; Publ. 12.10.88.

  131. I. Sidaravichyus, F. A. Levina, G. I. Rybalko, et al., Optiko-Mekh. Prom-st', 5, 27–30 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Sh. Hayashi and K. Yoshino, Technol. Repts. Osaka Univ., 36, No. 1, 117–125 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  133. H. Kyrmany, F. Mueller, P. Knoll, et al., Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 301–306 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Ch. Jin and X. Zhang, J. Luminescence, 40/41, No. 1–6, 264–265 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  135. R. Yuan, Z. Huang, Y. Wang, et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 52, Special Issue, 589–596 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  136. T. Kobayashi, M. Yoshizawa, U. Stamm, et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, No. 8, 1558–1578 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  137. T. Kobayashi and M. Yoshizawa, Synth. Met., 43, No. 1/2, 3129–3134 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  138. H. F. Wittmann, K. Fuhrmann, R. H. Friend, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 56–61 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. B. Holmes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4031–4039 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  140. K. S. Wong, D. D. C. Bradley, W. Hayes, et al., J. Phys. C., 20, No. 11, L187-L194 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  141. H. B. Gu, T. Takiguchi, S. Hayashi, et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 56, No. 11, 3997–4002 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  142. D. D. C. Bradley, R. H. Friend, and W. J. Feast, Synth. Met., 17, No. 1–3, 645–650 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  143. P. K. Khabibullaev, J. J. Khairullin, A. A. Zhakhirov et al., Mater. Sci. (PRL), 11, No. 1, 35–39 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  144. D. D. C. Bradley, N. F. Colaneri, and R. H. Friend, Synth. Met., 29, No. 1, E121-E127 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  145. R. Mahrt, J. Yang, A. Greiner, et al., Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun., 11, No. 9, 415–521 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  146. L. S. Swanson, J. Shinar, and K. Yoshino, Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, No. 9, 1140–1143 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  147. L. S. Swanson, P. A. Lane, J. Shinar, et al., Phys. Rev. B, 44, 10617–10624 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  148. S. Rentsch, J. P. Yang, M. Lenzner, et al., Makromol. Chem. Makromol. Symp., 37, 17–25 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  149. H. Bässler, D. D. C. Bradley, and M. Hennecke, Synth. Met., 41, No. 3, 1249 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  150. G. Leising, T. Verdon, G. Louarn, et al., Synth. Met., 41, No. 1/2, 279–282 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  151. S. Rentsch, J. P. Yang, H. L. Li, et al., Synth. Met., 41, No. 3, 1369–1372 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  152. T. W. Hagler, K. Pakbaz, K. F. Voss, et al., Phys. Rev. B, 44, 8652–8657 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  153. R. F. Mahrt and H. Bässler, Synth. Met., 45, No. 1, 107–117 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  154. H. Bässler, M. Gailberger, R. F. Mahrt, et al., Synth. Met., 49, No. 1–3, 341–353 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  155. D. Moses, Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 22–27 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  156. I. D. W. Samuel, F. Raksi, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 15–21 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  157. G. Grem and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 4105–4110 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  158. L. Smilowitz, A. Hays, A. J. Heeger, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 249–254 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  159. D. A. Halliday, P. L. Burn, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., Adv. Mater., 5, No. 1, 40–42 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  160. F. Uesugi, K. Kaneto, and K. Yoshino, Technol. Repts. Osaka Univ., 37, 227–282 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  161. K. Kaneto, F. Uesugi, and K. Yoshino, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 56, No. 10, 3703–3709 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  162. R. Yuan, Zh. Hyang, W. Tang, et al., J. Luminescence, 40/41, No. 1–6, 294–295 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  163. J. Poplawski, E. Ehrenfreund, S. Glenis, et al., Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C335-C340 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  164. J. L. Sauvajol, D. Chenouni, S. Hasoon, et al., Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C293-C297 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  165. J. R. Linton, C. W. Frank, and S. D. D. V. Rudhooputh, Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C393-C398 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  166. J. Rühe, N. F. Colaneri, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., J. Phys. Condens. Mater., 2, No. 24, 5465–5477 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  167. J. L. Sauvajol, D. Chenouni, J. P. Lere-Porte, et al., Synth. Met., 38, No. 1, 1–12 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  168. M. Onoda, Y. Manda, and Y. Katsumi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt.1, 29, No. 8, 1430–1434 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  169. S. Lussati, C. Botta, M. Gatellani, et al., Synth. Met., 41, No. 3, 1319–1322 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  170. S. Morita, T. Kawai, M. Onoda, et al., Solid State Commun., 77, 807–812 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  171. C. M. Foster, L. Smilowitz, and S. Tokito, Synth. Met., 41, No. 3, 1267 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  172. J. Shinar and L. S. Swanson, Synth. Met., 50, No. 1–3, 621–630 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  173. K. Yoshino, S. Morita, and R. Sugimoto, Synth. Met., 49, No. 1, 491–497 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  174. Q.-X. Ni, L. S. Swanson, P. A. Lane, et al., Synth. Met., 50, No. 1–3, 447–452 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  175. T. Kawai, T. Kuwabara, and K. Yoshino, Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 3649–3654 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  176. S. Morita, R. Sugimoto, and K. Yoshino, Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4041–4046 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  177. P. Dyreklev, O. Inganäs, J. Paloheimo, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4139–4144 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  178. V. D. Pokhodenko, N. F. Guba, and O. A. Gaiduk, Synth. Met., 60, No.1, 77–79.

  179. N. F. Guba, O. A. Gaiduk, and V. D. Pokhodenko, Teor. Éksp. Khim., 29, No. 2, 143–148 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  180. Y. Son, H. H. Patterson, and C. M. Carlin, in: Abstracts, 197th ACS national Meeting, Dallas, Texas, April 9–14, 1989; Washington, D.C. (1989), p. 795.

  181. J. R. G. Thorne, J. G. Masters, S. A. Williams, et al., Synth. Met., 49, No. 1–3, 159–165 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  182. K. Kim, L. B. Lin, J. M. Ginger, et al., Synth. Met., 50, No. 1–3, 423–428.

  183. E. W. Tsai, L. Phan, and K. Rajeshwar, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., No. 12, 771–773 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  184. R. H. Partridge, Polymer, 24, No. 6, 733–760 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  185. S. Balalilaugroodi, A. Desbene-Mouvernay, J. J. Aaron et al., Polymer, 29, No. 5, 929–933 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  186. V. D. Pokhodenko and N. F. Guba, in: Abstracts, International Symposium on Organic Reactions, Kyoto, August 19–21, 1991; p. C-064.

  187. T. Yamamoto, T. Maruyama, T. Ikeda, et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., No. 19, 1306–1307 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  188. New Scientist, 133, No. 1803, 24 (1992).

  189. G. Gustafsson, G. M. Treacy, Y. Cao, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4123–4127 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  190. A. Kraft, P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4163–4167 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  191. S. Doi, M. Kuwabara, T. Noguchi, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4174–4179 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  192. D. Braun, D. Moses, C. Zhang, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4145–4150 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  193. D. Braun and A. J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, No. 18, 1982–1984 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  194. J. H. Burroughles, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, et al., Nature, 347, No. 6293, 539–541 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  195. G. Grem, G. Leditzky, B. Ullrich, et al., Synth. Met., 51, No. 1–3, 383–389 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  196. L. S. Swanson, J. Shinar, Y. W. Ding, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 1–6 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  197. G. Gustafsson, Y. Cao G. M. Treacy, et al., Nature, 357, No. 6378, 477–479 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  198. P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, A. Kraft, et al., Nature, 356, No. 6364, 47–49.

  199. P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, A. Kraft, et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., No. 1, 32–34 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  200. Y. Ohmori, C. Morishima, M. Uchida, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 2, 31, No. 5A, L568-L570 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  201. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 2, 30, L1938-L1941 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  202. A. R. Brown, K. Pichler, N. C. Greenham, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4117–4122 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  203. D. Braun and A. J. Heeger, Thin Solid Films, 216, No. 1, 96–98 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  204. D. Bloor, Nature, 356, No. 6364, 19–20 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  205. S. Karg, W. Riess, M. Meier, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4186–4191 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  206. M. Uchida, Y. Ohmori, C. Morishima, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4168–4173 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  207. Y. Ohmori, C. Morishima, M. Uchida, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4189–4185 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  208. N. C. Greenham, A. R. Brown, D. D. C. Bradley, et al., Synth. Met., No. 1, 4134–4138 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  209. K. Yoshino, S. Morita, M. Uchida, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 28–35 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  210. K. Yoshino, Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C669-C674 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  211. L. S. Swanson, J. Shinar, A. R. Brown, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 241–248 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  212. L. S. Swanson, J. Shinar, Y. W. Ding, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 1–6 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  213. L. S. Swanson, P. A. Lane, J. Shinar, et al., Synth. Met., 55, No. 1, 293–298 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  214. J. Shinar, Z. Vardeny, E. Ehrenfreund, et al., Synth. Met., 18, No. 1–3, 199–202 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  215. N. F. Calaneri, D. D. C. Bradley, and R. H. Friend, Phys. Rev. B, 42, 11670–11675 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  216. D. A. Halliday, D. D. C. Bradley, P. L. Burn, et al., Synth. Met., 41–43, No. 1, 931–936 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  217. F. Wudl, P. M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, et al., ACS Symp. Ser. 455 (Mater. Nonlinear Opt.) (1991), p. 683.

    Google Scholar 

  218. T. Nakano, S. Doi, T. Noguchi, et al., Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 443861 (28 Aug., 1991); Chem. Abstr. 116, 71721k (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  219. B. C. Hess, J. Shinar, Q.-X. Ni, et al., Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C365-C370 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  220. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro, et al., Solid State Commun., 80, 605–608 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  221. D. Braun, G. Gustafsson, D. McBranch, et al., J. Appl. Phys., 72, No. 2, 564–568 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  222. G. Grem, G. Leditzky, and B. Ullrich, Adv. Mater., 4, 3621–3627 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  223. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 30, L1941-L1947 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  224. K. Yoshino, Y. Manda, K. Sawada, et al., Solid State Commun., 69, No. 1, 143–147 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  225. D. Braun and A. J. Heeger, J. Electronic Mater., 20, 945–949 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  226. A. V. Vannikov and T. S. Zhuravleva, J. Mol. Electron., 5, No. 1, 63–70 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  227. M. V. Kurik, Zarubezh. Radioélektronika, No. 10, 80–87 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  228. J. Kanicki, in: Handbook of Conducting Polymers, T. A. Skotheim (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York (1986), pp. 543–600.

    Google Scholar 

  229. T. S. Zhuravleva and A. V. Vannikov, Results of Science and Technology. Chemistry and Technology of High Molecular Compounds Series [in Russian] (1991), Vol. 28, pp. 90–144.

    Google Scholar 

  230. G. A. Chamberlain, Solar Cells, 8, No. 1, 47–95 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  231. M. J. Sailor, L. F. Klavetter, R. H. Grubbs, et al., Nature, 346, No. 6280, 155–157 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  232. R. Ishizawa, H. An, K. Sato, et al., Synth. Met., 38, No. 1, 63–68 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  233. C. Li, Y. Wang, M. Wan, et al., Synth. Met., 39, No. 1, 91–96 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  234. Y. Fang, S.-A. Chen, and M. L. Chu, Synth. Met., 52, No. 3, 261–272 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  235. B. R. Weinberger, M. Akhtar, and S. C. Gau, Synth. Met., 4, No. 3, 187–197 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  236. N. F. Zaliznaya, V. V. Borovkov, B. É. Davydov, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. B, 35, No. 1, 15–17 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  237. S. Glenis and A. J. Frank, Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, 681–686 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  238. Renkuan Yuan, Yuxuc Lin, Hong Yuan, et al., Synth. Met., 57, No. 1, 4087–4092 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  239. M. P. Hagemeister and H. S. White, J. Phys. Chem., 91, No. 1, 150–154 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  240. Mun-Soo Yun and Su Huh Chang, Synth. Met., 28, No. 1/2, C715-C721 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  241. M. Ozaki, D. L. Peebles, R. B. Weinberger, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 35, No. 1, 83–85 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  242. V. D. Pokhodenko and N. F. Guba, Synth. Met., 60, No. 1, 73–75 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  243. N. F. Guba and V. D. Pokhodenko, Teor. Éksp. Khim., 29, No. 2, 138–142 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  244. N. F. Guba and V. D. Pokhodenko, “Solid-state photoglavanic cell for conversion of light energy to electrical energy,” Russ. Pat. 1806424, IPC5 H 01 L 31/04; Publl. 30.03.93, Byull. No. 12; Ukr. Pat. 1191, IPC5 H 01 L 31/04, Pulb. 30.12.93, Promislova Vlasnist; Ofits. Byull. No. 3.

  245. N. F. Guba and V. D. Pokhodenko, “Solid-state photogalvanic cell for conversion of light energy to electrical energy,” Russ. Pat. 1801232, IPC5 H 01 L 31/04, Publ. 07.03.93, Byull. No. 9; Ukr. Pat. 2114, IPC5 H 01 L 31/04, Appl. 15.12.93.

  246. V. D. Pokhodenko and N. F. Guba, in: Abstracts, Fifteenth International Conference on Photochemistry, Paris, July 28–August 2, 1991; p. VII-12.

  247. S. Glenis, G. Horowitz, G. Tourillon, et al., Thin Solid Films, 111, No. 2, 93–103 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  248. S.-A. Chen and Y. Fang, Synth. Met., 60, No. 3, 215–222 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  249. V. A. Sergeev, V. I. Nedel'kin, G. A. Timofeeva, et al., Vysokomolek. Soedin. A. 29, No. 8, 1638–1644 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  250. K. Misoh, S. Tasaka, S. Miyata, et al., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Chem. Ind. Chem., 41, No. 6, 763–768 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  251. J. Kanichi, J. Phys. (Paris) C-3, 44, 529 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  252. J. Tsukamoto, H. Ohigashi, K. Matsumura, et al., Synth. Met., 4, No. 3, 177–186 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  253. M. J. Cohen and J. S. Harris, Appl. Phys. Lett., 33, No. 9, 812–814 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  254. M. Konagai, K. Takanashi, K. Nishishata, et al., Denki Gakkai Rombunshi, 101, No. 2, 103–120 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  255. M. J. Sailor, E. J. Ginsburg, C. B. Gorman, et al., Science, 249, No. 4973, 1146–1149 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  256. T. Skotheim, O. Inganäs, J. Preijza, et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 83, No. 1–4, 1361–1371 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  257. F. Garnier and G. Horowitz, Synth. Met., 18, No. 1–3, 693–698 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  258. J. Kanichi and P. Fedorko, J. Phys. D., 17, No. 4, 805–817 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  259. S. Glenis, G. Tourillon, and F. Garnier, Thin Solid Films, 139, No. 3, 221–231 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  260. M. Kaneko, A. Yamado, T. Kenmochi, et al., J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, No. 12, 629–631 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  261. F. Ebisawa, Trans. TECEJ, Ser. D, 64, No. 9, 597–598 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  262. P. K. Khabibulaev, A. A. Matnishan, A. A. Zakhidov, et al., in: Abstracts, All-Union Conference on Renewable Energy Sources [in Russian], Moscow (1985), p. 44.

  263. P. K. Khabibulaev, A. A. Zakhidov, S. V. Li, et al., in: Abstracts, International Conference on Electronics of Organic Materials, Tashkent, November 16–21, 1987; pp. 180–181.

  264. A. Usuki, M. Murase, and T. Kurauchi, Synth. Met., 18, No. 1–3, 705–710 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  265. H. Koezuka, K. Hyodo, and A. G. MacDiarmid, J. Appl. Phys., 58, No. 3, 1279–1284 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  266. K. Uehara, K. Takagishi, S. Yamano, et al., J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Lett. Ed., 26, No. 2, 95–98 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  267. G. Horowitz and F. Garnier, Solar Energy Mater., 13, No. 1, 47–55 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 31 Nauki Prospekt, 252039, Kiev, Ukraine

    V. D. Pokhodenko & N. F. Guba

Authors
  1. V. D. Pokhodenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. F. Guba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 241–263, September–October, 1994.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pokhodenko, V.D., Guba, N.F. Photophysical properties of polymers with a system of conjugated bonds and their use in light energy conversion processes. Theor Exp Chem 30, 203–226 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00536693

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00536693

Keywords

Search

Navigation