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Über die Stimulierbarkeit der Dopadecarboxylase und anderer cytoplasmatischer Leberenzyme durch Induktoren von Mikrosomenfermenten

On the activation of dopadecarboxylase and other cytoplasmatic liver enzymes by inducers of the endoplasmatic reticulum

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Summary

Since enhanced protein synthesis can underly the drug induced activation of microsomal liver enzymes it was investigated whether also non particulate bound, cytoplasmatic enzymes would be activated by known “inducers”.

The activity of the cytoplasmatic l-dopadecarboxylase (supernatant 100 000 · g, 1 hr, from rat liver homogenates, maximally activated by addition of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate) 48 hrs after i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg phenobarbital was increased by 150%: from 21.4±3.3 to 53.5±4.3 μM CO2/hr/g wet weight (male rats, 50 g b.w.). Simultaneously the ratio liver-/body-weight was increased. Similar activations occurred in the liver of 200 g rats, when the basal activity was not higher than 50 μM CO2/hr/g wet weight. The enzyme activity in kidney and brain remained unchanged.

α-hexachlorocyclohexane (200 mg/kg i.p., daily given on 5 consecutive days) 48 hrs after the last injection produced a 60% activation of liver dopadecarboxylase in 180 g rats (from 40.2±2.5 to 64.3±6.0 μM CO2). — Tolbutamide (5 times 100 mg/kg i.p.) was without effect.

With SKF 525 A as well as with inhibitors of protein synthesis — aethionin and actinomycin D — it was possible to suppress the stimulation of dopadecarboxylase produced by phenobarbital.

There was a closer correlation between the activation of the cytoplasmatic dopadecarboxylase than between that of the microsomal hexobarbital oxidising enzyme system and the increase of relative liver weight resp. — Phenobarbital (100 mg/kg i.p., 48 hrs), producing in the liver of 10 g rats a 600% increase of hexobarbital oxidation, was without influence upon dopadecarboxylase and relative liver weight in these young animals with very low basal enzyme activities.

It is in favour of the identity of the dopa- and 5-HTP resp. decarboxylating enzyme that phenobarbital enhanced decarboxylation of both amino acids at the same degree. However, histidine decarboxylase of rat liver was not stimulated by pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbital. This was also true for the cytoplasmatic lactate dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase.

Zusammenfassung

Da der Induktion von Mikrosomenfermenten der Leber durch Pharmaka eine gesteigerte Proteinsynthese zugrunde liegen kann, wurde untersucht, ob auch nicht partikulär gebundene, cytoplasmatische Enzyme durch bekannte Induktoren eine Aktivitätssteigerung erfahren.

Die Aktivität der cytoplasmatischen l-Dopadecarboxylase (Überstand 100 000 · g, 1 Std, von Rattenleberhomogenaten mit Zusatz maximal aktivierender Pyridoxal-5′-phosphatmengen) war 48 Std nach ein- oder mehrmaliger i.p. Injektion von Phenobarbital (je 100 mg/kg) um 150% erhöht: von 21,4±3,3 auf 53,5±4,3 μM CO2/Std/g Feuchtgewicht (F.G.) (ca. 50 g schwere männliche Ratten). Gleichzeitig stieg der Quotient Lebergewicht/Körpergewicht an. Ähnliche Aktivitätssteigerungen traten in der Leber ausgewachsener, 200 g schwerer Tiere auf, wenn die Ausgangsaktivität nur 50 μM CO2, nicht hingegen, wenn sie 75–80 μM CO2/Std/g F.G. betrug. Die Fermentaktivität in Niere und Gehirn blieb unverändert.

α-Hexachlorcyclohexan (je 200 mg/kg i.p. an 5 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen, 48 Std nach der letzten Injektion) aktivierte bei 180 g schweren Ratten die Dopadecarboxylase der Leber um 60% (von 40,2±2,5 auf 64,3±6,0 μM CO2/Std/g F.G.). — Tolbutamid (fünfmal je 100 mg/kg i.p.) war wirkungslos.

Mit SKF 525 A sowie mit Hemmstoffen der Proteinsynthese — Äthionin und Actinomycin D — ließ sich die durch Phenobarbital ausgelöste Aktivitätssteigerung der Dopadecarboxylase unterdrücken.

Es bestand eine engere Korrelation zwischen Aktivierung der cytoplasmatischen Dopadecarboxylase als zwischen derjenigen des mikrosomalen Hexobarbital oxydierenden Enzymsystems und Zunahme des relativen Lebergewichts. Phenobarbital (100 mg/kg i.p., 48 Std), das in der Leber nur 10 g schwerer Ratten eine Aktivierung des Hexobarbitalabbaus um fast 600% hervorrief, war ohne Einfluß auf Dopadecarboxylaseaktivität und relatives Lebergewicht.

Für die Identität des Dopa- und 5-HTP decarboxylierenden Ferments und die Verschiedenheit der Histidindecarboxylase der Rattenleber spricht, daß Phenobarbital die Decarboxylierung von Dopa und 5-HTP in gleichem Ausmaß stimulierte, jedoch nicht diejenige von Histidin. Unbeeinflußt blieb auch die Aktivität der cytoplasmatischen Lactatdehydrogenase und diejenige der Monoaminoxydase der Lebermitochondrien.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. E. Werle zum 65. Geburtstag am 10. Oktober 1967 gewidmet.

Über einen Teil der Ergebnisse wurde in einer kurzen Mitteilung und in einem Vortrag auf der 30. Tagung der Dtsch. Pharmakol. Ges. in Kiel (1966) berichtet: Ernzerhoff, Holtz u. Palm (1967a und b).

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Palm, D., Ernzerhoff, C. & Holtz, P. Über die Stimulierbarkeit der Dopadecarboxylase und anderer cytoplasmatischer Leberenzyme durch Induktoren von Mikrosomenfermenten. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. u. Exp. Path. 258, 352–371 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00536590

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