Abstract
We have examined the roles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH in determining patterns of Pb fractionation in surface water from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in undisturbed and urbanized watersheds of the Pinelands of New Jersey. In undisturbed wetlands, the water is highly acidic (pH 3.5) and has high concentrations of DOC; wetlands receiving urban runoff are less acidic and have lower concentrations of DOC. The effects of PH were separated from the effects of DOC by experimentally raising the pH of water from the undisturbed site to 6.0. A separation procedure was compiled from the literature to separate the soluble Pb fraction into labile (exchangeable on ion-exchange resin) and non-labile fractions, and the latter fraction was further separated into photo-oxidation-sensitive and insensitive fractions. In low pH, high DOC waters, 95% of added PbCl2 remained soluble, and 56 to 80% of this Pb was labile (varying with contact time with the resin). In high-pH swamp waters, a smaller fraction (64 to 71%) remained soluble; the distribution of the soluble Pb among non-labile forms varied with the source of the water. Pb fractionation in runoff was quite different from that in runoff-impacted swamp water at the same pH, and may reflect differences in DOC and/or higher levels of Fe in the runoff.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barber, R. T. and Ryther, J. H.: 1969, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 3, 191.
Batley, G. E. and Gardner, D.: 1978, Coast and Mar. Sci. 7, 9.
Bloom, P. R. and McBride, M. B.: 1979, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43, 687.
Bolter, E., Butz, T., and Arseneau, J. F.: 1975, in Hemphill, D. D. (ed.), ‘Trace Substances in Environmental Health’, Vol. 9. Univ. Missouri, Columbia. MO. pp. 107–112.
Browne, F. X., Orr, J. B., Grizzard, B., and Weand, B. L.: 1982, J. Wat. Pollut. Control. Fed. 54(6), 755.
Caines, L. A., Watt, A. W., and Wells, D. E.: 1985, Environ. Pollut. Ser. B. 10, 1.
Campbell, P. G. C., Bisson, M., Bougie, R., Tessier, A., and Villeneuve, J.: 1983, Anal. Chem. 55, 2246.
Clymo, R. S.: 1964, The Bryologist. 67, 627–431.
Clymo, R. S., and Hayward, P. M.: 1982, in Smith, A. J. E. (ed.), Bryophyte Ecology, Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 229–289.
Damman, A. W. H.: 1978, Oikos 30, 480.
Drablos, D. and Tollan, A.: 1980, ‘Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation’, Proc. Internat. Conf., Sanderfjord, Norway.
Eganhouse, R. P. and Kaplan, I. R.: 1981, Envir. Sci. Technol. 15, 310.
Eganhouse, K. P., Simoneit, B. R. T., and Kaplan, I. R.: 1981, Envir. Sci. Technol. 15, 315.
Ehrenfeld, J. and J. Schneider: 1991, J. Appl. Ecol. 28, 467.
Figura, P. and McDuffie, B.: 1980, Anal. Chem. 52, 1433.
Florence, T. M.: 1977, Wat. Res. 11, 681.
Florence, T. M.: 1982, Talanta 29, 345.
Forman, R. T. T.: 1979, Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape, Academic Press, N.Y., 764 pp.
Giesy, J. P., Briese, L. A., and Leversee, G. J.: 1978, Environ. Geology. 2(5), 257.
Glooschenko, W. A. and Capobianco, J. A.: 1978, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 10, 215.
Gorham, E., Eisenreich, S. J., Ford, J., and Santelmann, M. V.: 1985, in Stumm, W. (ed.), Chemical Processes in Lakes, John Wiley and Sons. New York, pp. 339–363.
Havas, M., Hutchinson, T. C., and Likens, G. E.: 1984, Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 176A.
Hemond, H.: 1980, Ecol. Monogr. 50, 507.
Hendrickson, L. L., Turner, M. A., and Corey, R. B.: 1982, Anal Chem. 54, 1633.
John, J., Gjessing, E., Grande, M., and Salbu, B.: 1987, Sci. Tot. Environ. 62, 253.
Koeppe, D. E.: 1981, in Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants, Applied Science Publishers, Englewood, NJ, pp. 55–76.
Laderman, A.: 1987, Atlantic White Cedar Wetlands, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 401 p.
Laderman, A.: 1989, The Ecology of Atlantic White Cedar Wetlands: A Community Profile, U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(7.21), 114 p.
Latimer, J. S., Hoffman, E. J., Hoffman, G., Fasching, J. L., and Quinn, J. G.: 1990, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 52, 1.
Laxen, D. and Harrison, R. M.: 1981, Sci. Tot. Env. 19, 59.
Means, J. L., Yuretich, R. F., Crerar. D. A., Kinsman, D. J. J., and Borcsik, M. P.: 1981, New Jersey Geological Survey Bull. 76, 106 pp.
Morgan, M. D. and Good, R. E.: 1988, Wat. Res. Research. 24(7), 1091.
Nriagu, J. O.: 1978, The Biogeochemistry of Pb in the Environment. Part A. Ecological Cycles, Elsevier/ North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 422 pp.
Percy, K. E.: 1983, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 10, 215.
Phipps, D. A.: 1981, in Lepp, N. W. (ed.), Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants, Appl. Science Publishers, Englewood, NJ, pp. 1–54.
S.A.S.: 1986, Statistical Analysis Systems, Chapel Hill, NC.
Schneider, J.: 1988, ‘The Effects of Suburban Development on the Hydrology, Water Quality and Community Structure of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. Wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands’, Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
Schnitzer, M. and Kerndorff, H.: 1981, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 15, 97.
Stevenson, F. J.: 1984, Humus Chemistry, John Wiley, New York.
Turner, R. S., Johnson, A. J., and Wang, D.: 1985, J. Env. Qual 13(3), 305.
U.S.G.S. 1984: Open-file Report 84-821.
Vedagiri, U.: 1989, ‘Behavior of Pb in Pristine and Urbanized Acid Wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands with Special Reference to the Role of Sphagnum Moss’, Ph. D. dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
Zampella, R.: 1990, ‘Gradient Analysis and Classification of Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) Lowland Communities in the New Jersey Pinelands’, Ph. D. Dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution No. 91-17 of the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vedagiri, U., Ehrenfeld, J. Partitioning of lead in pristine and runoff-impacted waters from acidic wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands. Water Air Soil Pollut 64, 511–524 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483361
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483361