Skip to main content
Log in

Extracerebrospinal metastases in glioblastoma

Case report and review of the literature

  • Published:
European Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A malignant glioblastoma adherent to the dura mater was removed from the parieto-occipital lobe in a 12-year-old boy. The site of the tumor was subsequently irridiated by 4000 rads of Cobalt-60. Five months later the boy was readmitted complaining of pains in the pelvis an in both thighs. X-ray examination of the pelvis demonstrated multiple metastases. Investigation of bone marrow revealed replacement of normal haematopoiesis by a tumor cell population histologically identical to that of the brain tumor. Reviewing the literature 58 reports on glioblastomas with extracerebrospinal metastases could be found. Metastases were preferably localized in cervical or mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, bones, liver, dura mater, and operative flap. It is suggested that extracerebrospinal metastases occur most frequently after the tumor has infiltrated the cranium and extracranial soft tissues. In the case reported here it is speculated that the tumor spread to extraneural tissues after invading the dural veins. The possible occurrence of extracerebrospinal metastases in glioblastoma emphasizes the necessity of additional chemotherapy.

Zusammenfassung

Bei einem 12 Jahre alten Jungen wurde ein parietooccipital gelegenes, mit der Dura verwachsenes Glioblastom entfernt und das Tumorbett mit Kobalt 60 bis zu einer Herddosis von 4000 R nachbestrahlt. 5 Monate nach der Operation stellten sich zunehmende Schmerzen im Beckenund Oberschenkelbereich ein. Röntgenologisch konnten jetzt Metastasen in allen Beckenknochen nachgewiesen werden. Im Knochenmark waren die Elemente der normalen Hämatopoese fast vollständig durch eine Tumorzellpopulation ersetzt. In der Literatur finden sich 58 weitere Beobachtungen über metastasierende Glioblastome. Bevorzugter Sitz der Metastasen sind die cervikalen und mediastinalen Lymphknoten, Lunge, Knochen, Leber sowie Dura und Schädelweichteile im Operationsgebiet. Es wird vermutet, daß die Metastasierung am häufigsten nach Einbruch des Tumors in den Schädelknochen und die extracraniellen Weichteile erfolgte. In dem hier berichteten Fall möchten wir dagegen eine Aussaat des Tumors über die Duravenen annehmen. Die Möglichkeit einer Metastasierung beim Glioblastom unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer zusätzlichen zytostatischen Therapie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anzil, A. P.: Gliablastoma mutilforme with extracranial metastases in the absence of previous craniotomy: Case report. J. Neurosurg. 33, 88 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Braham, J., Sarova-Pinhas, I. Goldhammer, Y.: Glioma of the brain treated by intravenous vincristine sulfate. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg.) 12, 195 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brust, cited by Komatsu, K., Hiratsuka, H., Takahashi, S., Kamisasa, A., Inaba, Y.: Widespread extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme. Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ. 19, 29 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gross, K. R., Cooper, T. J.: Intracranial neoplasma with extracranial metastases. Report of two cases. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 11, 200 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dalla Pria, A. F., Vianello, A.: Sulla ripetizione metastatica extracranica dei glioblastomi. Arch. Ital. Patol. Clin. Tumori 13, 189 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dalmer, J., Burgold, H.: Ungewöhnliche Wachstumsform und Metastasierung eines Glioblastoms. Psychiat. Neurol. med. Psychol. (Lpz.) 23, 167 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Davis, L.: Spongioblastoma multiforme of the brain. Ann. Surg. 87, 8 (1928)

    Google Scholar 

  8. El-Gindi, S., Salama, M., El-Henawy, M., Farag, S.: Metastases of glioblastoma multiforme to cervical lymph nodes. J. Neurosurg. 38, 631 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fewer, D., Wilson, C. B., Boldrey, E. B., Enot, K. J., Powell, M. R.: The chemotherapy of brain tumors. Clinical experience with carmustine (BCNU) and vincristine. J. Amer. med. Ass. 222, 549 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fliedner, E., Entzian, W.: Über ein metastasierendes Gliosarkom. Acta Neurochir. 26, 165 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Glasauer, F. E., Yuan, R. H. P.: Intracranial tumors with extracranial metastases. J. Neurosurg. 20, 474 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hoyt, W. F., Piovanetti, E., Malamud, N., Wilson, C. B.: Cranioorbital involvement in glioblastoma multiforme. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg.) 15, 1 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Komatsu, K., Hiratsuka, H., Takahashi, S., Kamisasa, A., Inaba, Y.: Widespread extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme. Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ. 19, 29 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Koos, W. Th., Miller, M. H.: Intracranial tumors of infants and children. Stuttgart: Thieme 1971

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lassman, L. P., Pearce, G. W., Gang, J.: Sensivity of intracranial gliomas to vincristine sulphate. Lancet 1965 I, 296

  16. Ley, A., Campillo, D., Oliveras, C.: Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neurosurg. 18, 313 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mittelbach, M.: Über Gliome mit Metastasen. Beitr. path. Anat. 95, 538 (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Neidhardt, M., Greinacher, I.: Über die Metastasierung von Medulloblastomen in Körperbereiche außerhalb des Zentralnervensystems. Z. Kinderheilk. 101, 56 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rosenblum, M. L., Reynolds, A. F., Smith, K. A., Rumack, B. H., Walker, M. D.: Chloroethyl-cyclohyxyl-nitrosourea (CCNU) in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. J. Neurosurg. 39, 306 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rubinstein, L. J.: Development of extracranial metastases from a malignant astrocytoma in the absence of previous craniotomy: Case report. J. Neurosurg. 26, 542 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schröder, R., Bonis, G., Müller, W., Vorreith, M.: Statistische Beiträge zum Grading der Gliome. II. Glioblastom-Katamnese und-Erkrankungsalter. Acta Neurochir. 18, 186 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Smith, D. R.: Metastasizing neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. J. Neurosurg. 31, 50 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Thierry, A., Tommasi, M., Fischer, G., Tabib, A., Mansuy, L.: Glioblastomes multiformes intra-craniens du jeune sujet, se manifestant primitivement par une compression radiculomedullaise basse. neuro-Chirurgie (Paris) 15, 545 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vogt, U.: Neurologische Diagnose und Verlauf des Glioblastoms. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 97, 717 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wakamatsu, T., Matsuo, T., Kawano, S., Teramoto, S., Matsumura, H.: Glioblastoma with extracranial metastasis through ventriculopleural shunt. J. Neurosurg. 34, 697 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wakamatsu, T., Matsuo, T., Kawano, S., Teramoto, S., Matsumura, H.: Extracranial metastasis of intracranial tumor. Review of literatures and report of a case. Acta Path. Jap. 22, 155 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Walker, M. D.: Nitrosoureas in central nervous system tumors. Cancer Chemother. Rep. Part. 3, vol. 4, 21 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wolf, A., Cowen, D., Stewart, W. B.: Glioblastoma with extraneural metastasis by way of ventriculopleural anastomosis. Trans. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 79, 140 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zülch, K. J.: Biologie und Pathologie der Hirngeschwülste. In: Handbuch der Neurochirurgie, Band III. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1956

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Terheggen, H.G., Müller, W. Extracerebrospinal metastases in glioblastoma. Eur J Pediatr 124, 155–164 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477550

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477550

Keywords

Navigation