Skip to main content
Log in

Synthetische Schmucksteine

  • Published:
Naturwissenschaften Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The first industrially feasible process for the synthesis of rubies was developed by Verneuil around the turn of the century. Progress in crystal-growing technique led in time to a number of other processes, some of which can be applied to the production of gem stones, making it possible to synthesize the most important gem stones. Even crystals that do not occur in nature, but were originally of interest in other connections, have acquired importance for jewelry in recent years.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Schloßmacher, K.: Edelsteine und Perlen. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart 1969

    Google Scholar 

  2. Foerst, W.: Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, Bd. 6, S. 220. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1955

    Google Scholar 

  3. Liebertz, J.: Angew. Chem. 85, 326 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Recker, K.: Z. Dtsch. Gemmol. Ges. 22, 145 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Liebertz, J.: ibid. 17, 15 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Laudise, R.A.: The Growth of Single Crystals. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1970

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wilke, K.-Th.: Kristallzüchtung. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1973

    Google Scholar 

  8. Verneuil, A.: Ann. Chim. Phys. 3, 20 (1904)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Verneuil, A.: C.R. Acad. Sci. 135, 791 (1902)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Verneuil, A.: ibid. 150, 185 (1910)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Verneuil, A.: ibid. 151, 131, 1063 (1910)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Czochralski, J.: Z. Phys. Chem. 92, 219 (1917)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kennedy, F.P.: Amer. J. Sci. 248, 540 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bundy, F.P., et al.: Nature 176, 51 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bovenkerk, H.P., et al.: ibid. 184, 1094 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liander, H., Lundblad, E.: Ark. Kemi 16, 139 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hall, H.T.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 31, 125 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bundy, F.P.: J. Chem. Phys. 38, 631 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hall, H.T.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 29, 267 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bradley, C.C.: High Pressure Methods in Solid State Research. London: Butterworth's 1969

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lloyd, E.C., Hutton, U.O., Johnson, D.P.: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 63c, 59 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Osugi, J., et al.: Rev. Phys. Chem. Jap. 34, 1 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  23. General Electric Co.: Pressemitteilung 1970

  24. Burdick, J.N., Glenn, J.W.: US-Pat. 2488507 (1947)

  25. Eversole, W.G., Burdick, J.N.: DBF 922584 (1952)

  26. Ancot, E., Eppler, W.F.: DAS 1002300 (1955)

  27. Ancot, E., Eppler, W.F.: DAS 1007753 (1955)

  28. Recker, K.: Fortschr. Mineral. 45, 172 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Reiss, F.A., in: Peiser, H.S.: Crystal Growth, S. 63. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1967

    Google Scholar 

  30. Seifert, W.: J. Cryst. Growth 12, 17 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Djevahirdjian, M.V.: Schweiz. Pat. 354427 (1961)

  32. Djevahirdjian, M.V.: Schweiz. Pat. 354428 (1961)

  33. Djevahirdjian, M.V.: Schweiz. Pat. 354429 (1961)

  34. Lester, R.H., Cannon, M.C.: US-Pat. 2471437 (1945)

  35. Paladino, A.E., Roiter, B.D.: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 47, 465 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Charvat, F.R., Smith, J.C., Nestor, O.H., in: Peiser, H.S.: Crystal Growth, S. 45, Oxford: Pergamon Press 1967

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bradsley, W., Cockayne, B., in: ibid., S. 109

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rubin, J.J., Van Uitert, L.G.: Mater. Res. Bull. 1, 211 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  39. LaBelle, H.E., Mlavsky, A.I.: ibid. 6, 571 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  40. LaBelle, H.E.: ibid. 6, 581 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Chalmers, B., LaBelle, H.E., Mlavsky, A.I.: ibid. 6, 681 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Viechnicki, D., Schmid, F.: J. Cryst. Growth 11, 345 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Eickhoff, K., Gürs, K.: ibid. 6, 21 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  44. O'Bryan, H.M., O'Connor, P.B.: Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 45, 578 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Field, W.G., Wagner, R.W.: J. Cryst. Growth 3/4, 799 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Linares, R.C.: J. Appl. Phys. 33, 1747 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Linares, R.C.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 26, 1817 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Nelson, D.F., Remeika, J.P.: J. Appl. Phys. 35, 522 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Laudise, R.A., Ballman, A.A.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 80, 2655 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Monchamp, R.R., Puttbach, R.C.: Hydrothermal Growth of Large Ruby Crystals. ASD Project No. 8-132, AF Contract 33 (657) 10508, 1964

  51. Paris, L.: C.R. Acad. Sci. 147, 933 (1908)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Grabmaier, J.G., Watson, B.C.: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 51, 355 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Munson, R.A.: ibid. 50, 669 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Espig, H.: Dtsch. Goldschmiede-Ztg. 59, 660 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Diehl, R.: Z. Dtsch. Gemmol. Ges. 26, 61 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nassau, K.: J. Cryst. Growth 35, 211 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Flanigen, E.M., et al.: Amer. Mineral. 52, 744 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lefever, R.A., Chase, A.B., Sobon, L.E.: ibid. 47, 1450 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Linares, R.C., Ballman, A.A., Van Uitert, L.G.: J. Appl. Phys. 33, 3209 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Linares, R.C.: Amer. Mineral. 52, 1554 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Flanigen, E.M., Mumbach, N.R.: Brit. Pat. 1094931 (1967)

  62. Emel'yanova, E.N., et al.: Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 10, 46 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Laudise, R.A.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 562 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Walker, A.C.: Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 1670 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Higgins, C.W.: ibid. 54, 16 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Laudise, R.A., Sullivan, R.A.: Chem. Eng. Progr. 55, 5 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lehmann, G.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 30, 395 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Wood, D.L., Ballman, A.A.: Amer. Mineral. 51, 216 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lehmann, G.: Z. Naturforsch. 22a, 2080 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Tsinober, L.I., Chentsova, L.G.: Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 4, 593 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Ballman, A.A.: Amer. Mineral. 46, 439 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lehmann, G., Bambauer, H.U.: Angew. Chem. 85, 281 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Moore, C.H., Merker, L., Lind, L.E.: Amer. Mineral. 35, 127 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Merker, L.: FIAT Final Report Nr. 1001, 1947

  75. Merker, L.: US-Pat. 2684910 (1953)

  76. Linares, R.C.: J. Cryst. Growth 3/4, 443 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Linares, R.C.: Solid State Commun. 2, 229 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Paladino, A.E., Roiter, B.D.: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 49, 51 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Cockayne, B., Roslington, J.M.: J. Mater. Sci. 8, 601 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Brandle, C.D., Miller, D.C., Nielsen, J.W.: J. Cryst. Growth 12, 195 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Linares, R.C.: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 45, 119 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Van Uitert, L.G., Grodkiewicz, W.H., Dearborn, E.F.: ibid. 48, 105 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gübelin, E.: Z. Dtsch. Gemmol. Ges. 25, 205 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Strunz, H.: ibid. 26, 9 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Aleksandrov, V.I., et al.: Vest. Akad. Nauk SSSR 43, 29 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Gilson, P.: Firmenprospekte

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der besprochenen Edelsteine und Schmucksteine, soweit sie in einkristalliner Form verwendet werden, sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liebertz, J. Synthetische Schmucksteine. Naturwissenschaften 65, 501–506 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00439789

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00439789

Navigation