Summary
Besides nitrate-utilizing species and strains which also always are nitrite-positive, steadily nitrite-utilizing strains were found among the nitratenegatives of Cr. laurentii and D. hansenii. For other strains of these species, of T. famata, as well as of C. suecica and C. zeylanoides the nitrite media used seemed to provoke a genotypic adaptation (Figs. 1 and 2). This potential ability to utilize nitrite, may be of ecological significance to these arine occurring yeasts.
Nine strains did grow with hydroxylamine as the sole nitrogen source in auxanograms. Only C. zeylanoides was able to give turbidimetrically measurable growth at the concentrations used, ranging from 0.133 to 3.33mm hydroxylamine. A phenotypic adaptation did occur. The hydroxylamine concentration in the culture medium was gradually reduced to zero during growth. Aldoxime formation in the culture medium was not a prerequisite for growth.
Hydroxylamine reductase activity of cell-free enzyme preparations from C. zeylanoides has been proved.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, D. W.: The effect of hydroxylamine on rabbit-reticulocyte ribosomes. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 68, 418–424 (1963).
Betts, G. F., and E. J. Hewitt: Photosynthetic nitrite reductase and the significance of hydroxylamine in nitrite reduction in plants. Nature (Lond.) 210, 1327–1329 (1966).
Conway, E. J.: Microdiffusion analysis and volumetric error. 4th ed. London: Crosby Lockwood 1957.
Hewitt, E. J., D. P. Hucklesby, and G. F. Betts: Resolution of nitrite and hydroxylamine reductase activities from plants. Biochem. J. 100, 54–55 P (1966).
—, and D. J. D. Nicholas: Enzymes of inorganic nitrogen metabolism. Modern methods of plant analysis. 7, 67–172 (1964).
Jyssum, K., and P. E. Joner: Reduction and oxidation of hydroxylamine by extracts from Neisseria meningitides. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 62, 381–389 (1964).
Kleinkauf, H.: Oligonucleotid-Aufbau als biochemisch faßbares Indiz für den Beginn der Knospung bei Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch. Mikrobiol. 56, 167–192 (1967).
Kreger-van Rij, N. J. W.: A taxonomic study of the yeast genera Endomycopsis, Pichia, and Debaryomyces. Diss., Leiden 1964.
Lodder, J., and N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij: The yeasts. A taxonomic study. 2nd Ed. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1967.
Mager, J.: A TPNH-linked sulfite reductase and its relation to hydroxylaminereductase in Enterobacteriaceae. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 41, 553–555 (1960).
McNall, E. G., and D. E. Atkinson: II. Utilization of possible intermediates as nitrogen sources and as electron acceptors. J. Bact. 74, 60–66 (1957).
Meuris, P., F. Laucrote, and P. P. Slonimski: Étude systématique de mutants inhibés par leurs propres metabolites chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 56, 149–161 (1967).
Meyers, S. P., D. G. Ahearn, W. Gunkel, and F. J. Roth Jr: Yeasts from the North Sea. Marine Biol. 1, 118–123 (1967).
Naiki, N.: Some properties of sulfite reductase from yeast. Plant and Cell Physiol. 6, 179–194 (1965).
Nason, A.: Symposium on metabolism of inorganic compounds. II. Enzymatic pathways of nitrate, nitrite, and hydroxylamine metabolisms. Bact. Rev. 26, 16–41 (1962).
Norkrans, B.: On the occurrence of yeasts in an estuary off the Swedish West coast. Svensk bot. T. 60, 463–482 (1966a).
—: Studies on marine occurring yeasts. Growth related to pH, NaCl concentration and temperature. Arch. Mikrobiol. 54, 374–392 (1966b).
—: Studies on marine occurring yeasts. II. Respiration, fermentation and salt tolerance. Arch. Mikrobiol. 62, 358–372 (1968).
Rodrigues de Miranda, L., and B. Norkrans: Candida suecica sp. n. isolated from marine environment. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 34, 115–118 (1968).
Roussos, G. G., and A. Nason: Pyridine nucleotide-nitrite and- hydroxylamine enzymes from soybean leaves. J. biol. Chem. 235, 2997–3007 (1960).
Siegel, L. M., E. M. Click, and K. J. Monty: Evidence for a two-step electron flow from TPNH to sulfite and hydroxylamine in extracts of Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 17, 125–129 (1964).
—, F.-J. Leinweber, and K. J. Monty: Characterization of the sulfite and hydroxylamine reductases of Neurospora crassa. J. biol. Chem. 240, 2705–2711 (1965).
Steinberg, R. A.: Effects of nitrogen compounds and trace elements on growth of Aspergillus niger. J. Agr. Res. 59, 731–748 (1939).
—: Growth of tobacco seedlings with nitrate and its reduction products. Plant Physiol. 28, 752–754 (1953).
Steinberg, R. A.: Metabolism of inorganic nitrogen by plants. In: Inorganic nitrogen metabolism (Ed. McElroy, W. D., and B. Glass), pp. 153–158 (1956).
Walt, J. P. van der: Nitrite utilization by Brettanomyces. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 29, 52–56 (1963).
Wickerham, L. J.: Presence of nitrite-assimilating species of Debaryomyces in lunch meats. J. Bact. 74, 832–833 (1957).
Virtanen, A. I., and N.-E. Saris: Organic hydroxylamine compounds formed from nitrite in Torulopsis utilis. Acta chem. scand. 9, 337–338 (1955).
——: Organic hydroxylamine compounds formed from nitrite in Torulopsis utilis. II. Acetylhydroxamic acid. Acta chem. scand. 10, 483–485 (1956).
Zucker, M., and A. Nason: A pyridine nucleotide-hydroxylamine reductase from Neurospora. J. biol. Chem. 213, 463–478 (1955).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lundström-Eriksson, A., Norkrans, B. Studies on marine occurring yeasts: Relations to inorganic nitrogen compounds, especially hydroxylamine. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 62, 373–383 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425642
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425642