Summary
Rigid-layers in cell walls of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadales contain murein sacculi of identical chemotype. However, lipoprotein in covalent linkage to the murein participates to a different extent in rigid layer construction in the two taxonomic groups. In Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli lipoprotein particles of similar size and spatial arrangement are visible in the electron microscope as major rigid layer components. In the cell walls of Pseudomonadales covalent (lipo-)protein plays a far less prominent role. It is present as a minor constituent in rigid layers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rigid layers of Spirillum serpens are naked murein sacculi devoid of any covalently attached protein.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asbell, M. A., Eagon, R. G.: Role of multivalent cations in the organization, structure and assembly of the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bact. 92, 380–387 (1966).
Braun, V., Rehn, K.: Chemical characterization, spatial distributation and function of a lipoprotein (murein-lipoprotein) of the E. coli cell wall. Europ. J. Biochem. 10, 426–438 (1969).
——, Wolf, H.: Supramolecular structure of the rigid layer of the cell wall of Salmonella, Serratia, Proteus and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Number of lipoprotein molecules in a membrane layer. Biochemistry 9, 5041–5049 (1970).
—, Sieglin, U.: The covalent murein-lipoprotein structure of the Escherichia coli cell wall. The attachment site of the lipoprotein on the murein. Europ. J. Biochem. 13, 336–346 (1970).
Carson, K. J., Eagon, R. G.: Further evidence for the role of nonpeptidoglycan components in cell wall rigidity. Canad. J. Microbiol. 12, 105–108 (1966).
Cox, S. T., Jr., Eagon, R. G.: Action of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tris-(hydroxymethyl-)aminomethane and lysozyme on cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Canad. J. Microbiol. 14, 913–922 (1968).
Eagon, R. G., Carson, K. J.: Lysis of cell walls and intact cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and by lysozyme. Canad. J. Microbiol. 11, 193–201 (1965).
—, Simmons, G. P., Carson, K. J.: Evidence for the presence of ash and divalent metals in the cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Canad. J. Microbiol. 11, 1041–1042 (1965).
Frank, H., Dekegel, D.: Electron microscopical studies on the localisation of the different components of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. Folia microbiol. (Praha) 12, 227–233 (1967).
—, Martin, H. H.: Vergleichende elektronenoptische und chemische Untersuchungen an der Zellwand von Escherichia coli B. Proc. Eur. Reg. Conf. on Electron Microscopy, Delft 1960, Vol. II, pp. 1024–1027.
Gray, G. W., Wilkinson, S. G.: The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the cell walls of some Gram-negative bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 39, 385–399 (1965).
Hofschneider, P. H., Martin, H. H.: Diversity of surface layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis. J. gen. Microbiol. 51, 23–33 (1968).
Houwink, A. L.: A macromolecular monolayer in the cell wall of a Spirillum sp. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 10, 360–366 (1953).
Kellenberger, E., Arber, W.: Electron microscopical studies of phage multiplication. I. A method for quantitative analysis of particle suspensions. Virology 3, 245–255 (1957).
Kolenbrander, P. E., Ensign, J. C.: Isolation and chemical structure of the peptidoglycan of Spirillum serpens cell walls. J. Bact. 95, 201–210 (1968).
Martin, H. H.: Composition of the mucopolymer in cell walls of the unstable and stable L-form of Proteus mirabilis. J. gen. Microbiol. 36, 441–450 (1964).
—, Frank, H.: Quantitative Bausteinanalyse der Stützmembran in der Zellwand von Escherichia coli B. Z. Naturforsch. 17b, 190–196 (1962a).
——: Die Mucopeptid-Grundstruktur in der Zellwand Gram-negativer Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt. A. Abt. Orig. 184, 306–311 (1962b).
Murray, R. G. E.: On the cell wall structure of Spirillum serpens. Canad. J. Microbiol. 9, 381–392 (1963).
Nanninga, N.: Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli B after freezeetching. J. Bact. 101, 297–303 (1970).
Nanninga, N.: Electron microscopy of the bacterial cell envelope. Lunteren lectures on molecular genetics. Lunteren, The Netherlands, 1971.
Preusser, H. J., Heilmann, H. D., Martin, H. H.: Die Wirkung von Schwermetallionen auf den Murein-Sacculus von Spirillum serpens. Cytobiologie 1, 187–193 (1969).
Weidel, W., Frank, H., Martin, H. H.: The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coli strain B. J. gen. Microbiol. 22, 158–166 (1960).
—, Pelzer, H.: Bag-shaped macromolecules — a new outlook on bacterial cell walls. Advance. Enzymol. 26, 193–232 (1964).
Winter, A., Katz, W., Martin, H. H.: Murein structure of Vibrio fetus; comparison of a venereal and an intestinal strain. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 244, 58–64 (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martin, H.H., Heilmann, H.D. & Preusser, H.J. State of the rigid-layer in cell walls of some gram-negative bacteria. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 83, 332–346 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425246
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425246