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Über mögliche mutagene Nebenwirkungen von Arzneimitteln beim Menschen

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Abstract

After a critical evaluation of some methods used in mutation research, a number of drugs was discussed which showed mutagenic activity in one or several organism(s). Compounds have to be considered harmful for man which are mutagenic in mammals as well as in other organisms, whereas results from lower organisms alone are not sufficient for definite conclusions about genetic hazards in man, as the specific physiological conditions in mammals might well lead to differences in mutagenic action. So far no single test method has proved to be generally valid for the decision, whether a chemical substance has to be considered mutagenic in man. Therefore it is necessary to test and compare the method available. Some possibilities of genetic prophylaxis are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden die Probleme aufgezeigt, die sich durch die therapeutische Verwendung chemischer Mutagene ergeben. Im Anschluß an eine kritische Betrachtung zahlreicher methoden zur Mutagenitätsprüfung wurde eine Anzahl von Pharmaka abgehandelt, die von mutagener Wirkung bei mehreren oder einzelnen Testobjekten ist. Hierbei wurden diejenigen Stoffe —oder deren Analoga — als bedenklich angesehen, die bei allen geprüften Organismengruppen einschließlich Säugetieren mutagene Wirkung entfalten. Im Vergleich zur Strahlenmutagenese spielen Prozesse wie Transport, Abbau und Umwandlung von Verbindungen bei chemischen Mutagenen sicher eine wesentlich größere Rolle. Daher wurde wegen der großen physiologischen Verschiedenheit der üblichen niederen Testobjekte die Bedeutung von Mutationsversuchen an Säugetieren unterstrichen. Es wurde jedoch einschränkend ausgeführt, daß noch für keine der genannten Methoden der Nachweis der Allgemeingültigkeit erzielter Befunde erbracht worden ist und daher die Eignung der verschiedenen Versuchsanordnungen für Routinetests noch eingehend geprüft werden muß. Abschließend wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten der genetischen Prophylaxe, d. h. der Verhütung der Induktion und Übertragung von Mutationen erörtert.

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  1. Institut für Anthropologie und Humangenetik der Universität Heidelber, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Gunter Röhrborn

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Direktor: Prof. Dr. F. Vogel

Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. H. Nachtsheim zum 75. Geburtstag am 13. Juni 1965 gewidmet.

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Röhrborn, G. Über mögliche mutagene Nebenwirkungen von Arzneimitteln beim Menschen. Humangenetik 1, 205–231 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395653

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