Skip to main content
Log in

Clinical enzymology for the assessment of organ damage: Interspecific differences

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Haematology International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Enzyme activities in serum/plasma or urine are the most widely used markers of organ damage as well in human or animal clinics as in experimental toxicology. Significant interspecific differences can be observed for enzyme distribution in various species, extracellular metabolism, preanalytical and analytical conditions. Thus, to avoid any misinterpretation, all these criteria have to be documented and/or validated before use.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Auguste D (1992) Utilisation pratique de la créatine-kinase plasmatique chez le chien: étapes préanalytiques et analytiques, disposition, valeurs usuelles et variations physiologiques, variations pathologiques et signification diagnostique. Thèse Doct Vét, Toulouse

  • Bostedt H, Reinhardt HJ (1980) Zur Entwicklung des Serumenzymprofiles bei Ferkeln in den ertsen Lebenstunden und-tagen. Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A] 27:85–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacou F, Bressot C (1976) Increased plasma creatine kinase activity in rabbits: effect of systematically repeated blood sampling. Experientia 32:487–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum HE, Weber B, Deus B, Gerok W (1981) The mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzyme from human heart muscle. In: Lang H (ed) Creatine kinase isoenzymes. Pathophysiology and clinical application. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 19–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolter CP, Critz JB (1976) Changes in thoracic and right duct lymph flow and enzyme content during skeltal muscle stimulation. Arch Int Physiol Biochem 84:115–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Rico AG, Bénard P (1978a) Evolution de la distribution de la gamma-glutamyl transferase dans les organes de la souris en fonction de développement. CR Acad Sci Paris 286:1483–1485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Rico AG, Bénard P et al. (1978b) Tissue and blood distribution of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the lamb and in the ewe. Res Vet Sci 25:37–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Rico AG, Bénard P et al. (1978c) La gamma-glutamyl transférase urinaire en toxicologie rénale chez le rat. Bases de son utilisation. Intérét lors de néphropathie aiguë mercurielle. Toxicology 11:73–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Rico AG, Bénard P et al. (1980) Gamma-glutamyl transferase distribution in the organs of Papio papio and Macaca fascicularis. J Med Primatol 9:185–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Tainturier D, Laugier C et al. (1982) Early variations of blood plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase in newborn calves — a test of colostrum intake. J Dairy Sci 65:2178–2181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Bézille P, Raviart I et al. (1987) Distribution de l'alanine et de l'aspartate aminotransférases, de la gamma-glutamyl transférase, de la lactate déshydrogénase, des phosphatases alcalines et de la créatine kinase dans les principaux organes de chèvres adultes et de chevreaux. Ann Rech Vet 18:389–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Ouedraogo G, Thorel B et al. (1990) Determination of plasma a-amylase in the dog: a test of the specificity of new methods. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 28:493–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun JP, Bézille P, Galtier P et al. (1992) Effects of age on the distribution of some enzymes in the organs of sheep. Small Rumin Res 9:149–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burlina A, Bonvicini P, Plebani M et al. (1988) Influence of isoenzyme patterns on commutability in enzyme determinations. Clin Chim Acta 1973:35–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chemnitz G, Schlebusch H, Schmidt E et al. (1981) Creatine kinase and isoenzymes in the perinatal period. In: Lang H (ed) Creatinine kinase isoenzymes. Pathophysiology and clinical application. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 224–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley JF (1979) The role of clinical chemistry in chemical and drug safety evaluation by use of laboratory animals. Clin Chem 25:345–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedel R, Mattenheimer H (1970) Release of metabolic enzymes from platelets during blood clotting of man, dog, rabbit and rat. Clin Chim Acta 30:37–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber H (1969) Serum enzyme determination in equine medicine. Equine Vet J 1:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grötsch H, Hropot M, Klause E et al. (1985) Enzymuria of the rat: biorhythms and sex differences. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 23:343–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy RM, Johnson GF (1980) The pancreas. In: Anderson NV (eds) Veterinary gastroenterology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 621–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu H (1982) The inactivation profile of rabbit muscle creatine phosphokinase in biological fluids. Chem Pharm Bull 1009–1013

  • Hsu H, Watanabe J (1983) The rate of elimination and distribution of rabbit muscle creatine phosphokinasekinase. Chem Pharm Bull 31:626–631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs RM, Lumsden JH, Grift E (1992) Effects of bilirubinemia, hemolysis, and lipemia on clinical chemistry analytes in bovine, canine, equine, and feline sera. Can Vet J 33:605–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jockers-Wretou E (1981) Creatine kinase isoenzymes in ontogeny. In Lang H (ed) Creatinine kinase isoenzymes. Pathophysiology and clinical application. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 116–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouanel P, Dastugue G (1970) Variations de l'activité γ-glutamyl-transpeptidasique du foie et du rein chez la souris an cours du développement. CR Soc Biol 164:794–796

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller P (1971) Serumenzyme beim Rind: Organanalysen und Normalwerte. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 113:615–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller P (1981) Enzyme activites in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values and intracellular distribution. Am J Vet Res 42:575–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuta Y, Onishi T (1986) the contribution of intestinal creatine kinase activity and its isoenzymes in dogs. Jpn J Vet Sci 48:547–551

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre HP, Jaeg JP, Rico AG et al. (1992) Variations of plasma creatine-kinase in rabbits following repetitive blood sampling, effects of pretreatment and acepromazine, carazolol and dantrolene. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 30:425–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leunis JC (1974) La créatine phosphokinase et les isoenzymes de la LDH dans les plaquettes de l'homme et du chien. Acta Clin Belg 29:132–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindena J, Sommerfeld U, Höpfel C et al. (1983a) Enyzme activities in blood cells of man and dog after separation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Enzyme 29:100–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindena J, Somerfeld U, Höpfel C et al. (1983b) Enzyme activities in rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse blood cells after separation on discontinuous Percoll gradient. Enzyme 29:229–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindena J, Küpper W, Trautschold I (1984) Enzyme activities in thoracic duct lymph and plasma of anesthetized, conscious resting and exercising dogs. Eur J Appl Physiol 52:188–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindena J, Küpper W, Trautschold I (1986) Catalytic enzyme activity concentration in thoracic duct, liver, and intestinal lymph of the dog, the rabbit, the rate and the mouse. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 24:19–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss BW, McMurray CH (1979) The effect of the duration and type of stress on some serum enzyme levels in pigs. res Vet Sci 26:1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumeier D (1981) Tissue specific distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes. In: Lang H (ed) Creatine kinase isoenzymes. Pathophysiology and clinical application. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 85–109

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Donnell MD, McGeeney KF (1975) α-Amylase and glucoamylase activities in canine serum. Comp Biochem Physiol 50B:269–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouedraogo G, Rico AG, Braun JP (1992) Measurement of α-amylase activity in cat plasma: test of specificity of a chromogenic substrate, reference values. Vet Clin Pathol 21:47–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkoff GT, Abernathy R, Ruiz M (1969) Effect of succinylcholine on creatinephosphokinase (CPK) in anesthetized dogs. J Lab Clin Med 74:153–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preus M, Karsten B, Bhargava AS (1989) Serum isoenzyme pattern of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in various animal species. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 27:787–790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp JP (1962) Normal values of serum amylase and maltase in dogs and the effect of maltase on the saccharogenic method of determining amylase in serum. Am J Vet Res 23:343–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rico AG, Braun JP, Bénard P et al. (1977) Tissue and blood gammaglutamyl transferase distribution in the pig. Res Vet Sci 23:395–396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid H, Guder WG (1992) Distribution of diagnostically relevant enzymes along the nephron. In: Jung K, Mattenheimer H, Burchardt U (ed) Urinary enzymes in clinical and experimental medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 9–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt E, Schmidt F (1970) Enzyme activities in human liver. Enzym Biol Clin 11:67–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suber RL, Kodell RL (1985) The effect of three phlebotomy techniques on hematological and clinical chemical evaluation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vet Clin Pathol 14:23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strombeck DR (1979) The pancreas. In: Small animal gastroenterology. Stonegate Publishing, Davis, CA, pp 301–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollersrud (1969) Stability of some serum enzymes in sheep, cattle, and swine during storage at different temperatures. Acta Vet Scand 10:359–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tollersrud S, Gedde-Dahl TW (1971) Diurnal and seasonal variations of serum enzyme activity in cattle and sheep. Acta Vet Scand 12:393–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traverso W (1976) Evaluation of experimental canine pancreatitis. J Surg Res 21:247–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Originally presented at ECCP 93.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Braun, J.P., Aktas, M., Lefebvre, H. et al. Clinical enzymology for the assessment of organ damage: Interspecific differences. Comparative Haematology International 3, 27–32 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394924

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394924

Keywords

Navigation