Abstract
The specific changes in the temporal pattern of glyoxysomal and peroxisomal enzymes in dark-grown and continuously far-red irradiated mustard seedlings are accompanied by specific changes in the spatial associations of microbodies with other cell organelles which can be quantitatively estimated from electron micrographs. The association (surface contact) with oleosomes (lipid bodies) and with plastids have been used as operational criteria for the glyoxysomal and peroxisomal engagement, respectively, of individual microbodies. The time course of these specific associations during the phytochrome-mediated changeover from glyoxysomal to peroxisomal character reveals the transient formation of functionally intermediary microbodies (“glyoxyperoxisomes”) which are associated to oleosomes as well as to plastids. In continuous far-red light, up to 50% of the microbody profiles detectable on electron micrographs fall into this category, compared to about 10% in darkness. It is concluded that peroxisomes of cotyledons neither originate de novo as an independent population nor are formed from pre-existing glyoxysomes by repackaging of enzymes. We suggest rather that a transition from glyoxysomal to peroxisomal enzyme formation in the presence of continuous turnover of microbody particles leads to a gradual replacement of microbodies of glyoxysomal character by microbodies of intermediary character and ultimately by microbodies of peroxisomal character.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bajracharya, D., Falk, H., Schopfer, P.: Phytochrome-mediated development of mitochondria in the cotyledons of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Planta (Berl.) 131, 253–261 (1976)
Bowden, L., Lord, J.M.: The cellular origin of glyoxysomal proteins in germinating castor bean endosperm. Biochem. J. 154, 501–506 (1976)
Breidenbach, R.W., Beevers, H.: Association of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes in a novel subcellular particle from castor bean endosperm. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 462–469 (1967)
Burke, J.J., Trelease, R.N.: Cytochemical demonstration of malate synthase and glycolate oxidase in microbodies of cucumber cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 56, 710–717 (1975)
Drumm, H., Schopfer, P.: Effect of phytochrome on development of catalase activity and isoenzyme pattern in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. A reinvestigation. Planta (Berl.) 120, 13–30 (1974)
Feierabend, J., Beevers, H.: Developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves. I. Conditions influencing enzyme development. Plant Physiol. 49, 28–32 (1972a)
Feierabend, J., Beevers, H.: Developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves. II. Ontogeny of particulate enzyme associations. Plant Physiol. 49, 33–39 (1972b)
Frederick, S.E., Newcomb, E.H.: Microbody-like organelles in leaf cells. Science 163, 1353–1355 (1969a)
Frederick, S.E., Newcomb, E.H.: Cytochemical localization of catalase in leaf microbodies (peroxisomes). J. Cell Biol. 43, 343–353 (1969b)
Frederick, S.F., Gruber, P.J., Newcomb, E.H.: Plant microbodies. Protoplasma 84, 1–29 (1975)
Gonzalez, E., Beevers, H.: Role of the endoplasmic reticulum in glyoxysome formation in castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiol. 57, 406–409 (1976)
Gruber, P.J., Becker, W.M., Newcomb, E.H.: The development of microbodies and peroxisomal enzymes in greening bean leaves. J. Cell Biol. 56, 500–518 (1973)
Gruber, P.J., Trelease, R.N., Becker, W.M., Newcomb, E.H.: A correlative ultrastructural and enzymatic study of cotyledonary microbodies following germination of fat-storing seeds. Planta (Berl.) 93, 269–288 (1970)
Hartmann, K.M.: Ein Wirkungsspektrum der Photomorphogenese unter Hochenergiebedingungen und seine Interpretation auf der Basis des Phytochroms (Hypokotylwachstumshemmung bei Lactuca sativa L.). Z. Naturforsch. 22b, 1172–1175 (1967)
Hock, B., Kühnert, E., Mohr, H.: Die Regulation von Fettabbau und Atmung bei Senfkeimlingen durch Licht (Sinapis alba L.). Planta (Berl.) 65, 129–138 (1965)
Huang, A.H.C.: Comparative studies of glyoxysomes from various fatty seedlings. Plant Physiol. 55, 870–874 (1975)
Kagawa, T., Beevers, H.: The development of microbodies (glyoxysomes and leaf peroxisomes) in cotyledons of germinating watermelon seedlings. Plant Physiol. 55, 258–264 (1975)
Kagawa, T., Lord, J.M., Beevers, H.: The origin and turnover of organelle membranes in castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiol. 51, 61–65 (1973)
Kagawa, T., Lord, J.M., Beevers, H.: Lecithin synthesis during microbody biogenesis in watermelon cotyledons. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 167, 45–53 (1975)
Kagawa, T., McGregor, D.I., Beevers, H.: Development of enzymes in the cotyledons of watermelon seedling. Plant Physiol. 51, 66–71 (1973)
Karow, H., Mohr, H.: Aktivitätsänderungen der Isocitritase (EC 4.1.3.1.) während der Photomorphogenese beim Senfkeimling (Sinapis alba L.). Planta (Berl.) 72, 170–186 (1967)
Matile, P.: The lytic compartment of plant cells. Wien-New York: Springer 1975
Reynolds, E.S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–212 (1963)
Schäfer, E.: A new approach to explain the “high irradiance responses” of photomorphogenesis on the basis of phytochrome. J. Math. Biol. 2, 41–56 (1975)
Schnarrenberger, C., Oeser, A., Tolbert, N.E.: Development of microbodies in sunflower cotyledons and castor bean endosperm during germination. Plant Physiol. 48, 566–574 (1971)
Schopfer, P., Bajracharya, D., Falk, H.: Photocontrol of microbody and mitochondrion development. The involvement of phytochrome.In: Light and Plant Development (Smith, H., (ed.), London: Butterworths, 1976, in press
Schopfer, P., Bajracharya, D., Falk, H., Thien, W.: Phytochromgesteuerte Entwicklung von Zellorganellen (Plastiden, Microbodies, Mitochondrien). Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 88, 245–268 (1975)
Theimer, R.R., Anding, G., Matzner, P.: Kinetin action on the development of microbody enzymes in sunflower cotyledons in the dark. Planta (Berl.) 128, 41–47 (1976)
Theimer, R.R., Anding, G., Schmid-Neuhaus, B.: Density-labeling evidence against a de novo formation of peroxisomes during greening of fat-storing cotyledons. FEBS Letters 57, 89–92 (1975)
Tolbert, N.E., Oeser, A., Kisaki, T., Hageman, R.H., Yamazaki, R.K.: Peroxisomes from spinach leaves containing enzymes related to glycolate metabolism. J. biol. Chem. 243, 5179–5184 (1968)
Trelease, R.N., Becker, W.M., Gruber, P.J., Newcomb, E.H.: Microbodies (glyoxysomes and peroxisomes) in cucumber cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 48, 461–475 (1971)
Van Poucke, M., Barthe, F.: Induction of glycollate oxidase activity in mustard seedlings under the influence of continuous irradiation with red and far-red light. Planta (Berl.) 94, 308–318 (1970)
Van Poucke, M., Cerff, R., Barthe, F., Mohr, H.: Simultaneous induction of glycollate oxidase and glyoxylate reductase in white mustard seedlings by phytochrome. Naturwissenschaften 56, 132–133 (1970)
Vigil, E.L.: Cytochemical and developmental changes in microbodies (glyoxysomes) and related organelles of castor bean endosperm. J. Cell Biol. 46, 435–454 (1970)
Waber, J., Sakai, W.S.: Further studies of the ultrastructure of D2O grown winter rye. Protoplasma 84, 273–281 (1975)
Weidner, M.: Der DNS-Gehalt von Kotyledonen und Hypokotyl des Senfkeimlings (Sinapis alba L.) bei der phytochromgesteuerten Photomorphogenese. Planta (Berl.) 75, 94–98 (1967)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schopfer, P., Bajracharya, D., Bergfeld, R. et al. Phytochrome-mediated transformation of glyoxysomes into peroxisomes in the cotyledons of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Planta 133, 73–80 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386008
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386008