Summary
The enormous variation in the environmental factors of south-eastern Norway makes this area particularly suitable for field studies on the relationship between environmental factors and fauna. Lakes are abundant, from 1 to 1,837 m a.s.l., and the geology of the surroundings as well as acid precipitation influence their chemical characteristics. In lowland areas the distribution of Gammarus lacustris is related to how rich in lime the lakes are. Populations found in mountain lakes tolerate much lower levels of calcium and higher H+ concentrations than populations inhabiting lowland lakes. The lowland populations probably have a higher calcium demand when stressed by high temperature. We predict that factor interaction may be used to explain the distribution patterns of the species also in other parts of Europe.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arthur JW (1980) Review of freshwater bioassay procedures for selected amphipods. In: Buikema AL, Cairns J (eds) Aquatic invertebrate bioassays. ASTM STP 715. American Society for testing materials, Philadelphia, pp 98–108
Borgstrøm R, Hendrey GR (1976) pH tolerance of the first larval stages of Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas) and adult Gammarus lacustris GO Sars. SNSF-project IR 22/76, Oslo-Ås, Norway
Brehm J, Meijering MPD (1982) Zur Säure-Empfindlichkeit ausgewählter Süßwasser-Krebse. Arch Hydrobiol 95:17–27
Karaman GS, Pinkster S (1977) Freshwater Gammarus species from Europe, North Africa and adjacent regions of Asia (Crustacea-Amphipoda). Part I. Gammarus pulex-group and related species. Bijdr Dierkd 47 (1):1–97
Økland J (1983) Ferskvannets Verden. Vol 1. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo Bergen Stavanger Tromsø
Økland KA (1969) On the distribution and ecology of Gammarus lacustris GO Sars in Norway, with notes on its morphology and biology. Nytt Mag Zool 17:111–152
Økland KA (1980a) Økologi og utbredelse til Gammarus lacustris GO Sars i Norge, med vekt på forsuringsproblemer. SNSF-project IR 67/80. Oslo-Ås, Norway
Økland KA (1980b) Mussels and crustaceans: Studies of 1,000 lakes in Norway. In: Drabløs D, Tollan A (eds) Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation. Proceedings of an International conference, Sandefjord, Norway, March 11–14, 1980. SNSF-project, Oslo-Ås, Norway, pp 324–325
Pljadić MA (1963) Verbreitung des Gammarus (Riv.) lacustris Sars in den Gebirgseen Jugoslawiens. Arch Biol Nauka 15:111–121
Roux C (1972) Les variations de la courbe métabolisme/température de Gammarus lacustris GO Sars (Crustacé, Amphipode) sous l'influence de divers facteurs écologiques. Crustaceana Suppl 3:287–296
Sarviro VS (1980) Temperature aspects of the ecology of the amphipode Gammarus lacustris. Sov J Ecol 11:40–46
Segerstråle SG (1954) The freshwater amphipods Gammarus pulex (L) and Gammarus lacustris GO Sars, in Denmark and Fennoscandia—a contribution to the late-and postglacial immigration history of the aquatic fauna of northern Europe. Commentat Biol, Soc Sci Fenn 15 (1):1–91
Sutcliffe DW (1978) Water chemistry and osmoregulation in some arthropods, especially Malacostraca. Freshwater Biol Assoc Annu Rep 46:57–69
Wright RF, Dale T, Henriksen A, Hendrey GR, Gjessing ET, Johannessen M, Lysholm C, Støren E (1977) Regional surveys of small Norwegian lakes. October 1974, March 1975, March 1976 and March 1977. SNSF-project IR 33/77. Oslo-Ås, Norway
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Økland, K.A., Økland, J. Factor interaction influencing the distribution of the freshwater “shrimp” Gammarus . Oecologia 66, 364–367 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378299
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378299