Abstract
Samples of yttria-stabilized zirconia manufactured by the following fabrication procedures, were obtained from commercial sources: (i) hot isostatic pressing; (ii) tape casting; (iii) vacuum plasma spraying, and (iv) calendering. The ionic conductivities of these samples were measured by (a) impedance spectroscopy; (b) the four-point probe method; (c) the current-interruption technique, and (d) the van der Pauw technique. The tape-cast and hot pressed samples showed good and very reproducible conductivity values. The vacuum plasma sprayed samples showed an anisotropy in their conductivity, with the cross-plane value being several times lower than the in-plane value. A simple model based on the porous microstructure of these samples can explain this observation. Sintering of the plasma sprayed samples minimized the anisotropy and significantly improved their conductivity values. The calendered samples also showed a similar anisotropy in their conductivity data when they were inadequately sintered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989) pp. 1–37, 119–125.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities) pp. 1–135, 167–205.
S. Barnett, Energy 15 (1990) 1.
H. Yahiro, Y. Baba, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, J. Electrochem. Soc. 135 (1988) 2077.
T. Kenjo, S. Osawa and H. Murahashi, Denki Kagaku 58 (1990) 533.
A. Virkar, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 1481.
Proceedings of the International Fuel Cell Conference, Makuhari, Japan, 3–6 February 1992 (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation, Tokyo) pp 289–357.
Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, USA 29 November–2 December 1992 Fuel Cell Seminar Organizing Committee (Commission of the European Communities, Japan Fuel Cell Development Center) pp. 237–269, 399–419, 510–528, 591–607.
H. Atkinson and B. Rickinson, in “Hot Isostatic Pressing”, edited by J. Wood, (Adam Hilger Series, 1987).
J. Huijsmans, F. Van Heuveln, J. De Jong and D. Bos, in Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, USA 29 November– 2 December 1992 (Fuel Cell Organizing Committee), p. 353.
I. Yasuda, T. Kawashima, T. Koyama, Y. Matsuzaki and T. Hikita, ibid. p. 357.
F. Poulsen, J. Bentzen and J. Bilde-Sorensen, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989). p. 93.
M. Mori, H. Itoh, N. Mori, C. Arakawa and T. Abe, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 821.
T. Iwata and H. Shundo, in Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, USA, 29 November–2 December 1992 (Fuel Cell Organizing Committee), p. 289.
M. Nagata, I. Kaji, S. Yoshida, N. Kobayahi, Y. Seino and T. Nakajima, in ibid. p. 305.
F. Umemura, H. Ota, K. Amano, S. Kaneko, T. Gengo, S. Uchida, N. Murakami and A. Notomi, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989 edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd, Tokyo, 1989), p. 15.
H. Shundo, H. Shimizu, N. Kusunose, T. Iwata, S. Marayama and K. Koseki, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991 edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto. (Commission of European Communities), p. 119.
H. Arai, K. Eguchi, T. Setoguchi, R. Yamaguchi, K. Hashimoto and H. Yoshimura, in ibid. p. 167.
I. Kaji, S. Yoshida, M. Nagata, T. Nakajima and Y. Seino, in ibid. p. 221.
H. Arai, K. Eguchi, T. Setoguchi, H. Itoh and T. Inoue, in Proceedings Ist. International Symposium Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Hollywood, FL, 16–18 October 1989, edited by S. C. Singhal (The Electrochemical Society) p. 288.
K. Masumoto, A. Aya and Y. Matsui, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 145.
S. Fukami, M. Kitoh, A. Bunya, H. Saitoh, T. Itoh, Y. Kaga, Y. Ohno, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 205.
N. Nakagawa, C. Kuroda and M. Ihida, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 31.
E. Thiele, L. Wang, T. Mason and S. Barnett, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 9 (1991) 3054.
Nakagawa, H. Yoshioka, C. Kuroda and M. Ishida, Solid State Ionics 35 (1989) 249.
K. Myles, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 85.
K. Kendall, in ibid. p. 429.
T. Kueper, S. Visco and L. De Jonghe, Solid State Ionics 52 (1992) 251.
S. Singhal, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 25.
H. Sasaki, M. Suzuki, S. Otoshi, A. Kajimura and M. Ippomatsu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) L12.
K. De Vries, R. Kuipers and L. De Haart, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 119.
R. Fukuda, S. Nagat, A. Negishi, Y. Kasuga and T. Okuo, in ibid. p. 193.
Z. Ogumi, Y. Tsuji, Y. Uchimoto and Z. Takehara, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 123.
Idem., Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 201.
T. Setoguchi, H. Itoh, M. Sawano, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 105.
K. Eguchi, T. Setoguchi, H. Arai, R. Yamaguchi and K. Hashimoto, in Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, 29 November–2 December 1992 (Fuel Cell Organising Committee) pp. 269.
K. Eguchi, in “Proceedings of the IEA Workshop, Hertenstein, Switzerland, 24–29 June, 1990, p. 181.
T. Setoguchi, M. Sawano, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, Solid State Ionics 40/41 (1990) 502.
K. Tsukumoto, F. Uchiyama, S. Shiratori, Y. Ohno and M. Okutomi, Japan Spraying Assoc. 24 (1987) 1245.
K. Tsukumoto, F. Uchiyama, Y. OhnoandY. Kaga, Surface Engineering 6 (1990) 45.
H. Nakegawa, S. Kosuge, H. Tsuneizuni, E. Matsuda, H. Mihara and Y. Sato, in Proceedings 1st. International Symposium Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Hollywood, FL, 16–18 October 1989, edited by S. C. Singhal (The Electrochemical Society) p. 71.
T. Setoguchi, T. Inoue, H. Takebe, K. Eguchi, K. Morinaga and H. Arai, Solid State Ionics 37 (1990) 217.
T. Inoue, T. Setoguchi, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, ibid. 35 (1989) 285.
V. Van Dieten, P. Walterbos and J. Schoonman, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 183.
H. Arai, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 9.
H. Nakegawa, S. Kosuge, H. Tsuneizuni, E. Matsuda, H. Mihara and Y. Sato, in ibid. p. 125.
K. Eguchi, T. Setoguchi, H. Itoh and H. Arai, in 40th International Electrochemical Society Meeting, Kyoto, Japan, 17–22 September 1989, Extended Abstracts Vol 1, p. 362.
K. Kinoshita, F. McLarnon and E. Cairns, “Fuel Cell Handbook” (US-DOE PUB-644, September 1988).
Proceedings of the Fifth IEA Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Workshop, an SOFC Materials, Process Engineering and Electrochemistry, Jülich, Germany, 2–4 March 1993, edited by P. Biedermann and B. Krahl-Urban (Forschungszentrum, Julich) pp. 167–206.
H. Hamatani, T. Okada and T. Yoshida, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Nagoya, Japan, 13–14 November, 1989, edited by O. Yamamoto, M. Dokiya and H. Tagawa (Science House Coy. Ltd., Tokyo, 1989), p. 119.
G. Heath and R. Singer, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 55.
A. Nakamura and J. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 1542.
M. Yoshimura, Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 67 (1988) 1950.
H. Gruner, private communication.
R. Männer, E. Ivers-Toffe and W. Wersing, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 715.
G. Chiodelli, A. Magistris, M. Scagliotti and F. Parmigiani, J. Mater. Sci. 23 (1988) 1159.
H. Tannenberger, H. Schachner and P. Kovacs, Jounées Int. d'Etudes des Piles à combustible, Brussels, June 1965, Revue EPE II 1 (1966) 19.
J. Van Herle and K. R. Thampi, J. Appl. Electrochem., in Press.
J. Van Herle, in “SOFC Micromodelling, an IEA Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Task Report”, edited by L. Dubel (Swiss Federal office of Energy, Bern, Switzerland, 1992), p. 63.
H. Middleton, Imperial College London, private communication.
L. Van Der Pauw, Philips Research Reports 13 (1958) 1.
F. Poulsen, P. Buitink and B. Malmgren-Hansen, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 755.
D. Koon, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60 (1989) 271.
E. Schouler, PhD thesis, Inst. Nat. Polytechnique de Grenoble 1979.
H. Bernard, PhD thesis, Inst. Nat. Polytechnique de Grenoble 1980.
Y. Ohno, Y. Kaga, A. Monma, K. Tsukamoto, F. Uchiyama and T. Okuo, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Athens, Greece, 2–5 July, 1991, edited by F. Grosz, P. Zegers, S. C. Singhal and O. Yamamoto (Commission of European Communities), p. 455.
P. Debély, EMPA, Switzerland, private communication.
B. Gut, EMPA, Switzerland, private communication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Van Herle, J., McEvoy, A.J. & Thampi, K.R. Conductivity measurements of various yttria-stabilized zirconia samples. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 29, 3691–3701 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00357336
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00357336