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In vitro system for toxicological studies on the development of mammalian limb buds in a chemically defined medium

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Abstract

In organ culture systems using the Trowell setup, morphogenetic differentiation (which largely mimics the development reached in vivo within 2–3 days) can be obtained in limb buds of mouse embryos during a culture period of 6 days. We succeeded in improving the technique and in achieving good differentiation of the limb buds in a chemically defined culture medium from which all additions of the heterologous serum used in previous studies were omitted.

With this technique of using a chemically defined medium, the following results were obtained:

  1. (1)

    A high degree of reproducibility can be obtained in the grade of differentiation if the experimental conditions are standardized and limb buds of the same developmental stage (somite stage) are used.

  2. (2)

    The technique is applicable to species other than mice, such as rats and rabbits, however, the results obtained so far are not so satisfactory as those acquired with mouse limb buds.

  3. (3)

    In an attempt to offer some colloid osmotic pressure, macromolecules like polyvinylpyrrolidone (Periston), polydextrans (Macrodex) or polypeptides (Haemaccel) were added to the culture medium. None of these macromolecules had a beneficial effect on the differentiation of the limb buds in vitro; in the case of Macrodex the differentiation was even impaired.

  4. (4)

    In comparison with the development in a serum-containing medium, the results attained with a chemically defined medium are just as good when judged from microscopical and some biochemical studies (total content of DNA, RNA, protein, and protein-bound hydroxyproline in the expiants).

The applicability of the test system for the evaluation of embryotoxic effects is discussed.

Zusammenfassung

In Organkulturen, wobei wir das Trowell-System benutzen, kann die morphogenetische Differenzierung in Extremitätenknospen von Mäuseembryonen im Laufe einer Inkubationszeit von 6 Tagen erreicht werden. Die Differenzierung gleicht weitgehend der in-vivo Entwicklung von 2–3 Tagen. Uns gelang es, die Technik zu verbessern und eine gute Differenzierung von Extremitätenknospen in einem chemisch definierten Kulturmedium zu erreichen, in dem auf jegliche Zugabe von heterologem Serum —wie es früher üblich war —verzichtet wurde. Unsere Versuche mit diesem chemisch definierten Medium erbrachten folgende Ergebnisse:

  1. (1)

    Ein hohes Maß an Reproduzierbarkeit der Differenzierung kann erreicht werden unter der Voraussetzung, daß die experimentellen Bedingungen standardisiert sind und Extremitätenknospen vom jeweils selben Entwicklungsstadium (Somiten-Stadium) benutzt wurden.

  2. (2)

    Die Technik ist nicht nur auf Mäuse sondern auch auf andere Tierarten anwendbar, etwa auf Ratten und Kaninchen, wobei jedoch die bisherigen Ergebnisse noch nicht so zufriedenstellend sind wie diejenigen, die wir mit den Mäuseextremitätenknospen erreicht haben.

  3. (3)

    Um kolloidosmotisch wirksame Substanzen auszuprobieren, fügten wir dem Medium Makromoleküle wie Polyvinylpyrrolidon (Periston), Polydextrane (Macrodex) oder Polypeptide (Haemaccel) hinzu. Keines dieser Makromoleküle hatte einen begünstigenden Effekt auf die Differenzierung der Extremitätenknospen in vitro, im Fall des Macrodex war die Differenzierung sogar vermindert.

  4. (4)

    Sowohl das chemisch definierte als auch das Serum-haltige Medium erbrachten gleich gute Ergebnisse in der Entwicklung, wie die Beurteilung mikroskopischer und einiger biochemischer Parameter (Gesamtgehalt von DNA, RNA, Protein und an Protein-gebundenes Hydroxyprolin) in den Explantaten ergab.

Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Testsystems für die Auswertung von embryotoxischen Effekten wird erörtert.

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Lessmöllmann, U., Hinz, N. & Neubert, D. In vitro system for toxicological studies on the development of mammalian limb buds in a chemically defined medium. Arch. Toxicol. 36, 169–176 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351978

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