Abstract
On chromosome 6, in the HLA region, the DQ subregion is located immediately centromeric to the DR subregion. Even though only three serological specificities to date have been officially recognized (DQwl, DQw2, and DQw3), it seems likely that the phenotypical polymorphism expressed by DQ molecules is much more complex. There are reasons to believe that fixed alpha-beta combinations exist, each of them associated with a different DR allele. DQw1 is a determinant present on DQ molecules that are found associated with DRI-, DR2-, and DRw6-positive haplotypes. By restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we recognized three allelic DQ-alpha and three allelic DQ-beta patterns associated with DQw1 . In addition, one of these alpha/beta pairs associated with DR1, two with DR2, and a fourth with DRw6. We have obtained evidence using nucleotide sequencing that there are as many allelic forms of DQ-alpha and DQ-beta genes as there are different molecular DQ-alpha and DQ-beta patterns. The DQ-alpha and DQ-beta chains of DQwl-positive molecules each are encoded by at least three distinctly different allelic genes, and particular alpha/beta gene combinations are associated with the same DR alleles as their corresponding molecular alpha/beta pairs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Auffray, C., Lillie, G., Arnot, D., Grossberger, D., Kappes, D., and Strominger, J.: Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II antigen alpha chain genes. Nature 307: 327–331, 1984
Bodmer, J. and Bodmer, W. F.: Histocompatibility 1984. Immunol. Today 5: 251–253, 1984
Cascino, I., Rosenshine, S., Turco, E., Marrari, M., Duquesnoy, R. J., and Trucco, M.: Relationship between DQ alpha and DQ beta RFLP and serologically defined class II HLA antigens. J. Immunogenet., in press, 1986
Duquesnoy, R. and Marrari, M.: Antigen report: HLA-DQw3. In E. D. Albert, M. P. Baur, and W. R. Mayr (eds.): Histocompatibility Testing 1984, pp. 209–210, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1984
Duquesnoy, R., Marrari, M., and Amen, K.: Identification of an HLA-DR associated system of B-cell alloantigens. Transplant. Proc. 11: 1757–1761, 1979
Gotz, H., Kratzin, H., Thinnes, F. P., Yang, C., Kruse, T., Pauly, E., Kolbel, S., Egert, G., Wernet, P., and Hilschmann N.: Primary structure of human class II histocompatibility antigens. 3rd communication. Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 364: 749–755, 1983
Gubler, U. and Hoffman, B. J.: A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene 25: 263–268, 1983
Hanahan, D.: Techniques for transformation of E. coli. In D. M. Glover (ed.): DNA Cloning. A Practical Approach, pp. 109–125, IRL Press, Washington, DC, 1985
Hui, K. M., Groves, A. V., Jaraquenada, D., Grosveld, F., Awad, J., Navarrete, C., Trowsdale, J., Murray, E., and Festenstein, H.: DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human class II genes as analyzed by Southern blotting technique. In E. D. Albert, M. P. Baur, and W. R. Mayr (eds.): Histocompatibility Testing 1984, pp. 590–594, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1984
Klein, E., Klein, G., Nadkarni, J. S., Nadkarni, J. J., Wigcell, H., and Clifford, P.: Surface IgM-kappa specificity on a Burkitt lymphoma cell in vivo and in derived culture lines. Cancer Res. 28: 1300–1307, 1968
Korman, A. J., Boss, J. M., Spies, T., Sorrentino, R., Okada, K., and Strominger, J. L.: Genetic complexity and expression of human class II histocompatibility antigens. Immunol. Rev. 85: 45–86, 1985
Larhammar, D., Schenning, L., Gustafsson, K., Wimen, K., Ilesson, L., Rook, L., and Peterson, P.: Complete amino acid sequence of an HLA-DR antigen-like beta chain as predicted from the nucleotide sequence: Similarities with immunoglobulins and HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79: 3687–3691, 1982
Long, E. O., Wake, C. T., Gorski, J., and Mach, B.: Complete sequence of an HLA-DR beta chain deduced from a cDNA clone and identification of multiple non allelic DR beta chain genes. EMBO J. 2: 389–394, 1983
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E., and Sambrook, J.: Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1982
Marrari, M. and Duquesnoy, R.: Antigen report: HLA-DQw2. In E. D. Albert, M. P. Baur, and W. R. Mayr (eds.): Histocompatibility Testing 1984, pp. 207–209, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1984
Nunez-Roldan, A., Gregersen, P. K., Winchester, R. J., and Silver, J.: Analysis of class II genes from a DR5,DQw1 haplotype: Implication for haplotype evolution. Hum. Immunol. 117: 116–117, 1986
Rask, L., Gustafsson, K., Larhammar, D., Ronne, H., and Peterson, P. A.: Generation of class II antigens polymorphism. Immunol. Rev. 84: 123–143, 1985
Rosenshine, S., Cascino, I., Zeevi, A., Duquesnoy, R. J., and Trucco, M.: DQ α and β RFLP reveals the composition of the DQ molecule recognized by T-cell clones. Immunogenetics 23: 187–196, 1986
Sanger, F. and Coulson, A. R.: A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase. J. Mol. Biol. 94: 441–447, 1975
Schenning, L., Larhammar, D., Bill, P., Wiman, K., Jonsson, A. K., Rask, L., and Peterson, P. A.: Both alpha and beta chains of HLA-DC class II histocompatibility antigens display extensive polymorphism in their amino-terminal domains. EMBO J. 3: 447–452, 1984
Taub, F. and Thompson, E. B.: An improved method for preparing large arrays of bacterial colonies containing plasmids for hybridization: In situ purification and stable binding of DNA on paper filters. Anal. Biochem. 126: 222–230, 1982
Tonnelle, C., DeMars, R., and Long, E. O.: DO beta: A new beta chain gene in HLA-D with distinct regulation of expression. EMBO J. 4: 2839–2847, 1985
Trowsdale, J., Lee, J., Corey, J., Grossveld, F., Bodmer, J., and Bodmer, W.: Sequences related to HLA-DR alpha chain on human chromosome 6: Restriction enzyme polymorphism detected with DC alpha chain probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 1972–1976, 1983
Trowsdale, J., Young, J. A., Kelly, A. P., Austin, P. J., Carson, S., Meunier, H., So, A., Ehrlich, H. A., Spielman, R. S., Bodmer, J., and Bodmer, W. F.: Structure, sequence and polymorphism in the HLA-D region. Immunol. Rev. 85: 1–44, 1985
Trucco, M. and Duquesnoy, R. J.: Polymorphisms of the HLA-DQ subregion. Immunol. Today 7: 297–300, 1986
Trucco, M., Rosenshine, S., Cascino, I., and Duquesnoy, R. J.: HLA-DQ polymorphisms analyzed by sequential restriction endonuclease DNA digestion. Immunogenetics 24: 184–190, 1986
Trucco, M., Cascino, I., Rosenshine, S., Turco, E., Marrari, M., DiVecchia, L., Zeevi, A., and Duquesnoy, R. J.: Definition of HLA-DQ polymorphisms by RFLP and in serological and cellular assays. Transplant. Proc. 19: 848–850, 1987
Zeevi, A., Cascino, I., DiVecchia, L., Marrari, M., Duquesnoy, R., and Trucco, M.: Alloreactive T-cell recognition of two DQ beta allelic specificities associated with DQwl. Hum. Immunol. 18: 225–234, 1987
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Turco, E., Caret, A., Compagnone-Post, P. et al. Allelic forms of the alpha- and beta-chain genes encoding DQw1-positive heterodimers. Immunogenetics 26, 282–290 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346523
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346523