Abstract
The existence of an X1X2-mode of sex determination is confirmed by a study of all meiotic stages in the male cotton stainer (X1X2 and pertinent stages in the female (X1X1 X2X2). In the male, the X-chromosomes are heterochromatic and pair end-to-end in early meiotic prophase. At diakinesis, they disjoin and align side-by-side in the center of the spindle, forming a pseudotetrad. Anaphase I is equational for the sex chromosomes. At late anaphase or telophase, X1 and X2 join end-to-end but form spindle fiber connections to only one of the poles of the metaphase II spindle, leading to one daughter cell without X chromosomes and one with both X1 and X2. An attempt is made to explain sex chromosome pairing and orientation on the basis of a telocentric organization of meiotic chromosomes. The apparent differences in the kinetic organization of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in Heteroptera are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ammermann, D.: Cytologische und genetische Untersuchungen an dem Ciliaten Stylonychia mytilus Ehrenberg. Arch. Protistenk. 108, 109–152 (1965)
Battaglia, B.: A new type of segregation of the sex chromosomes in Dysdercus koenigii Fabr. (Hemiptera-Pyrrhocoridae). A critical note. Caryologia (Firenze) 8, 205–213 (1956)
Beermann, W.: Riesenchromosomen. Protoplasmatologia VI/1. Wien: Springer 1962
Buck, R. C.: Mitosis and meiosis in Rhodnius prolixus: the fine structure of the spindle and diffuse kinetochore. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 18, 489–501 (1967)
Comings, D. E., Okada, T. A.: Holocentric chromosomes in Oncopeltus: kinetochore plates are present in mitosis but absent in meiosis. Chromosoma (Berl.) 37, 177–192 (1972)
Hughes-Schrader, S., Schrader, F.: The kinetochore of the Hemiptera. Chromosoma (Berl.) 12, 327–350 (1961)
Mendes, L. O. T.: Sôbre a meiose de Dysdercus mendesi Bloete (1973) (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae). Bragantia (Campinas) 7, 243–256 (1947)
Parshad, R.: Cytological studies in Heteroptera II. Chromosome complement and meiosis in the males of three pyrrhocorid bugs. Cytologia (Tokyo) 22, 127–135 (1957)
Piza de Toledo, S.: Cromossômios de Dysdercus (Hemiptera-Pyrrhocoridae). An. Esc. Sup. Agr. “Luiz de Queiroz” 4, 209–216 (1947 a)
Piza de Toledo, S.: Comportamento dos cromossômios sexuais do Dysdercus mendesi na sugunda divisac dos espermatocitos. Bragantia (Campinas) 7, 269–271 (1947 b)
Ray-Chaudhuri, S. P., Manna, K. G.: A new type of segregation of the sex chromosomes in the meiotic divisions of the cotton stainer Dysdercus koenigii (Fabr.). J. Genet. 51, 191–197 (1952)
Romeis, B.: Mikroskopische Technik, 16. Aufl., München: R. Oldenbourg 1968
Ruthmann, A., Permantier, Y.: Spindel und Kinetochoren in der Mitose und Meiose der Baumwollwanze Dysdercus intermedius (Heteroptera). Chromosoma (Berl.) 41, 271–288 (1973)
Wolfe, S. L., John, B.: The organization and ultrastructure of male meiotic chromosomes in Oncopeltus fasciatus. Chromosoma (Berl.) 17, 85–103 (1965)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruthmann, A., Dahlberg, R. Pairing and segregation of the sex chromosomes in X1X2-males of Dysdercus intermedius with a note on the kinetic organization of Heteropteran chromosomes. Chromosoma 54, 89–97 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331836
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331836