Skip to main content
Log in

Cine-micrographic studies on mitosis in endosperm

II. Chromosome, cytoplasmic and brownian movements

  • Published:
Chromosoma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The course of mitosis in endosperm was studied in plants with medium and large chromosomes by the cine-micrographic method; 3 main problems were considered: 1. chromosome movements, 2. cytoplasmic currents, 3. Brownian movements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bajer, A.: Studies on the spindle and chromosome movement. Acta Soo. Bot. Poloniae 21, 99–111 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Absolute viscosity and living mitotic spindle structure. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 22, 331–348 (1953a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Endosperm valuable material for experimental studies of mitosis in vivo. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 22, 475–482 (1953b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Observations on spindle structure and persisting nucleoli. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 22, 653–666 (1953c).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Cine-micrographic studies on mitosis in endosperm. I. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 23, 383–412 (1954a).

    Google Scholar 

  • - The endosperm a new material for experimental studies of mitosis in vivo with examples of its application and a motion picture demonstration. Proc. VIIIth Int. Bot. Congress. Sec. 9–10, pp. 95–96. Paris 1954b.

  • —: Living smears from endosperm. Experientia 11, 221 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajer, A., and J. Molè-Bajer: Influence of extreme temperatures on mitosis in vivo. I. Hymenophyllum. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 22, 267–298 (1953a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Influence of extreme temperatures on mitosis. II. Hymenophyllum. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 22, 577–586 (1953b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Endosperm-material for study on the physiogy of cell division. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 23, 69–110 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, H. N.: The rate of movement of chromosomes on the spindle. Chromosoma 1, 33–50 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, W. A.: Über einige Streitfragen der Zellteilung. Z. Zellforsch. 23, 253–260 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Recent investigations in vivo on the division of plant cell. Bot. Rev. 4, 446–472 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Struktur und Doppelbrechung der Chromosomen. Arch. exper. Zellforsch. 22, 196–200 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bělař, K.: Beiträge zur Kausalanalyse der Mitose. II. Arch. Entw.mechan. 118, 359–484 (1929a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Beiträge zur Kausalanalyse der Mitose. III. Z. Zellforsch. 10, 71–134 (1929b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boss, J.: Mitosis in cultures of newt tissues. I. Exper. Cell Res. 7, 215–231 (1954a b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Mitosis in cultures of newt tissues. III. Exper. Cell Res. 7, 443–456 (1954c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink, R. A., and D. C. Cooper: The endosperm in seed development. Bot. Rev. 13, 423–541 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. G.: Protoplasmic viscosity changes in different regions of the grasshopper neuroblast during mitosis. Biol. Bull. 90, 109–121 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Micro- dissection studies of the dividing neuroblast of the grasshopper, Chortophaga viridifasciata. Chromosoma 5, 199–220 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, L. R.: The centriole and its role in mitosis as seen in living cells. Science 81, 598 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Origin and development of the achromatic figure. Biol. Bull. 74, 41–45 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The whole life cycle of chromosomes and their coiling systems. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 39, 1–100 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Studies on chromosomes and nuclear division. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 43, 809–869 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • D'Amato-Avanzi e M. Grazia: Nuove osservazioni sulla persistanza del nucleolo durante la mitosi nel genere Cassia. Cariologia 5, 133–135 (1952/53).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenberg, L.: Influence of temperature on the nucleolus and its coacervate nature. Hereditas 32, 406–418 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frew, P. E., and R. H. Bowen: Nucleolar behaviour in the mitosis of plant cells. Quart. J. Microsc. Sci. 73, 197–214 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, K., and K. Yasui: Meiotic processes from the first prometaphase to the end of the second division of the P.M.C. Cytologia 19, 54–76 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geitler, L.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über den feineren Kern und Chromosomenbau der Cladophoraceaen. Planta 25, 530–578 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottschalk, W.: Die Ausbildung des Phragmoplasten während des Ablaufs der Meiosis. Naturwiss. 41, 307 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilbrunn, L. V.: An outline of general physiology, p. 818. Philadelphia: W.B. Sounders Comp. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann-Berling, H.: Die Bedeutung des Adenosinotriphosphat für die Zell und Kernteilungsbewegungen in der Anaphase. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 15, 226–236 (1954a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Die Glycerin-Wasserextrahierte Telophasezelle als Modell der Zytokinese. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 15, 332–339 (1954b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Adenosintriphosphat als Betriebsstoff von Zellbewegungen. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 14, 181–194 (1954c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, A. F.: The mitotic cycle, p. 236. New York 1952.

  • Hughes, A. F., and M. M. Swann: Anaphase movement in the living cell. J. of Exper. Biol. 25, 45–70 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoué, S.: The effect of colchicine on the microscopic and submicroscopic structure of the mitotic spindle. Exper. Cell Res. Suppl. 2, 305–318 (1952a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Effect of temperature on the birefringence of the mitotic spindle. Biol. Bull. 103, 316 (1952b).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Polarisation optical studies of the mitotic spindle. Chromosoma 5, 487–500 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoué, S., and K. Dan: Birefringence of the dividing cell. J. of Morph. 89, 423–456 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacquez, J. A., and J. J. Biesele: A study of Michel's film on meiosis in Psophus stridulus L. Exper. Cell Res. 6, 17–29 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jungers, W.: Figures caryocinétiques et cloisonnement du protoplasme dans l'endosperme d'Iris. Cellule 40, 293–353 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamiya, N.: The motive force responsible for protoplasmic streaming in the myxomycete plasmodium. Ann. Rep. Sci. Works, Osaka Univ. 1, 53–83 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuwada, Y., and T. Nakamura: Behaviour of chromonemata in mitosis. IV. Cytologia 6, 78–86 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lettrè, R., u. W. Siebs: Zur Struktur des Nucleolus. Naturwiss. 41, 458 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levan, A.: Notes on the cytology of Dipcadi and Bellevalia. Hereditas 30, 217–224 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martens, P.: Recherches expérimentales sur la cinèse dans la cellule vivante. Cellule 38, 69–174 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, W. C.: An apparent case of monocentric mitosis in Sciara. Science 63, 190–191.

  • Michaelis, P.: Cytoplasmic inheritance in Epilobium and its theoretical significance. Adv. Gen. 6, 288, 401 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel, K.: Hochschulfilm C 443/1944 der Reichsanstalt für Film und Bild in Wissenschaft und Unterricht. 1944.

  • Molè-Bajer, J.: A simple method for examining the action of chemicals on mitosis in living endosperm. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 24, 619–625 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, T.: Double refraction of the chromosomes in paraffine sections. Cytologia Fuji Jub. vol. 1937, 482–493.

  • Östergren, G.: Luzula and the mechanism of chromosome movement. Hereditas 35, 445–468 (1949a).

    Google Scholar 

  • - A survey of factors working at mitosis. Hereditas 35, 525–528.

  • —: The mechanism of coorientation in bivalents and multivalents. Hereditas 37, 85–136 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • - Astral rays in normal and chemically disturbed mitosis of higher plants. VIIIe Congr. Int. Bot. Sec. 9–10. p. 15–16. Paris 1954.

  • Östergren, G., A. Koopmans and J. Reitalu: The occurence of the amphiastral type of mitosis in higher plants and the influence of aminopyrin on mitosis. Bot. Notiser 28, 417–419 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Östergren, G., and R. Prakken: Behaviour on the spindle of the activity mobile chromosome ends of rye. Hereditas 32, 495–513 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, H. H.: Polarisationsoptische Untersuchungen am Spindle-apparat mitotischer Zellen. Cytologia 16, 194–200 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Punnett, H. H.: Cytological evidence of hexaploid cells in maize endosperm. J. Hered. 44, 257–259 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, M. M., and H. Vilkomerson: On the anaphase movement of chromosomes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 28, 433–436 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ris, H.: A quantitative study of anaphase movement in the aphid Tamalia. Biol. Bull. 85, 90–106 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaede, R.: Über das Verhalten des Nucleolus während der Kernteilung. Protoplasma 5, 41–54 (1929a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Kritische Untersuchungen über die Mechanik der Karyokinese. Planta 8, 383–397 (1929b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W. J.: Doppelbrechung von Chromosomen und Kernspindel und ihre Bedeutung für das kausale Verständnis der Mitose. Arch. exper. Zellforsch. 19, 352–360 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Doppelbrechung der Kernspindel und Zugfasertheorie der Chromosomenbewegung. Chromosoma 1, 253–264 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B.: Zellteilung der Pflanzenzelle in Reihenbild. Z. Zellforsch. 28, 829–860 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Die Plasmaveränderungen bei der Pflanzenzellteilung. Arch. exper. Zellforsch. 22, 298–303 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, F.: Data contributing to an analysis of metaphase mechanics. Chromosoma 3, 22–47 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Mitosis. Sec. ed., pp. 170. New York: Columbia Univ. Press 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimakura, K.: The capability of continuing divisions of the Tradescantia pollen mother cells in sacharose solution. Cytologia 5, 363–372 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • - The chromonemata observed in the fresh P.M.C.s of Trillium kamtschaticum Pall. mounted with sacharose solution. Cytologia Fuji Jub. vol. 1937, 256–261.

  • Stich, H.: Stoffe und Strömungen in der Spindel von Cyclops strenuus. Chromosoma 6, 199–236 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strugger, S.: Kern und Zellteilung bei Tradescantia virginica L. Hochschulfilm C 559/1949. Inst. f. Film und Bild in Wissenschaft und Unterricht. 1949.

  • Swann, M. M.: Protoplasmic structure and mitosis. I. J. of Exper. Biol. 28, 417–433 (1951a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Protoplasmic structure and mitosis. II. J. of Exper. Biol. 28, 334–344 (1951b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Therman, E.: The effect of indole-3-acetic acid on resting plant nuclei. I. Allium cepa. Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn. Ser. A 1951, 1–40.

  • Tjio, J. H., and A. Levan: Chromosome analysis of three hyperdiploid ascites tumours of the mouse. Kungl. Fysiog. sällsk. Handl. 65, 1–38 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaha, G., and Y. Sinoto: On the behaviour of nucleolus in the somatic mitosis of higher plants with microchemical notes. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39, 205–219 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada, B.: The mechanism of mitosis based on studies of the submicroscopic structure and of the living state of the Tradescantia cell. Cytologia 16, 1–26 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zirkle, C.: Nucleolus in root tip mitosis in Zea Mays. Bot. Gaz. 86, 402–418 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

A short part of the film with whose analysis the present paper deals was projected at the VIII. International Botanical Congress—Paris 1954 as an illustration of the presented communication (Bajer 1954 b).

These studies have been made possible thanks to a grant from the Polish Academy of Sciences, which is gratefully acknowledged.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bajer, A., Molè-Bajer, J. Cine-micrographic studies on mitosis in endosperm. Chromosoma 7, 558–607 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329742

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329742

Keywords

Navigation