Summary
Treatment of superficial bladder cancer is shifting toward a more conservative attitude with a widespread use of intravesical immunotherapy. There is a need for markers which can reliably identified patients at risk for progression for whom radical cystectomy remains the most effective treatment. Progress in immunopathology and definition of new tumor markers by hybridoma technology allow analysis of multiple prognostic indicators which may be clinically relevant.
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Chopin, D.K., Whitmore, K.E., Abbou, C.C. et al. Immunopathology of urothelial lesions: immunological markers as predictive for clinical aggressiveness. World J Urol 5, 133–137 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327071
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327071