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The Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer

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Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1296))

Abstract

Bladder cancer has been well known as immunotherapy-responsive disease as intravesical therapy with BCG has been the standard of care for non-muscle invasive disease for several decades. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. However, only a small fraction of patients with bladder cancer can benefit from these therapies. As immunotherapies act on the tumor microenvironment, understanding it is essential to expand the efficacy of modern treatments. The bladder cancer microenvironment consists of various components including tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells, affecting each other via immune checkpoint molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. The development of an antitumor immune response depends on tumor antigen recognition by antigen presenting cells and priming and recruitment of effector T cells. Accumulated evidence shows that these processes are impacted by multiple types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid derived suppressor cells. In addition, recent advances in genomic profiling have shed light on the relationship between molecular subtypes and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, emerging evidence has shown that multiple factors can impact the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer, including tumor-oncogenic signaling, patient genetics, and the commensal microbiome.

Declaration of Financial/Other Relationships: R.F.S. reports consulting/honoraria from Aduro, AstraZeneca, BMS, Exelixis, Eisai, Mirati, Puma, and Medscape. R.F.S. reports research support (to institution) from Abbvie, Bayer, BMS, CytomX, Eisai, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, and Merck. K.H. reports fellowship funding from Japan Cancer Society. K.H. is currently a JSPS Overseas Research Fellow.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by NIH K08CA234392, Cancer Research Foundation Young Investigator Award, and an Institutional Research Grant (#IRG-16-222-56) from the American Cancer Society and the Cancer Center Support Grant (#P30 CA14599) of the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ken Hatogai & Randy F. Sweis

  2. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Randy F. Sweis

  3. Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Randy F. Sweis

  4. Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Randy F. Sweis

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  1. Ken Hatogai
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  2. Randy F. Sweis
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Correspondence to Randy F. Sweis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Hatogai, K., Sweis, R.F. (2020). The Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironments in Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1296. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_17

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