Abstract
Dozens of reagents were tested for their ability to produce bands in Chinese hamster chromosomes by incubating air-dried preparations in aqueous solutions of these reagents for a definite period prior to the Giemsa staining. Acids were found to be without effect on the band production. Many of salts were able to induce bands if their pH was alkaline. Strong bases were also found to be potent band inducing reagents. They produced bands only in a few seconds. Protein denaturants such as urea, guanidine-HCl and several surface active compounds were also effective in the band production. — In the light of these results, it seems very likely that the solubilization or extraction of some chromosomal proteins, probably of acid nature, would be the primary cause of the appearance of the banded structure in chromosome arms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arrighi, F. E., Hsu, T. C.: Localization of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 10, 81–86 (1971).
Buckland, R. A., Evans, H. J., Sumner, A. T.: Identifying mouse chromosomes with the ASG technique. Exp. Cell Res. 69, 231–236 (1971).
Cohn, E. J., Edsall, J. T.: Proteins, amino acids and peptides. New York: Reinhold Publishing Co. 1943.
Comings, D. E., Riggs, A. D.: Molecular mechanisms of chromosome pairing, folding and function. Nature (Lond.) 233, 48–50 (1971).
Conn, H. J.: Biological stains. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. 1961.
Drets, M. E., Shaw, M. W.: Specific banding patterns of human chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2073–2077 (1971).
Dutrillaux, B., Grouchy, J. de, Fianz, C., Lejeune, J.: Cytogénétique humaine.-Mise en évidence de la structure fine des chromosomes humains par digestion enzymatique (pronase en particulier). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 273, 587–588 (1971).
Hippel, P. H. von, Schleich, T.: The effects of neutral salts on the structure and conformational stability of macromolecules in solution. In: Structure and stability of biological macromolecules (S. N. Timasheff and G. D. Fasman, eds.), p. 417–574. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1969.
Hsu, T. C., Arrighi, F. E.: Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mammalian chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 243–253 (1971).
Jones, K. W.: Chromosomal and nuclear location of mouse satellite DNA in individual cells. Nature (Lond.) 225, 912–915 (1970).
Jones, K. W., Corneo, G.: Location of satellite and homogeneous DNA sequences on human chromosomes. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 233, 268–271 (1971).
Kato, H., Yosida, T. H.: Banding patterns of Chinese hamster chromosomes revealed by new techniques. Chromosoma (Berl.) 36, 272–280 (1972).
Kato, H., Yosida, T. H.: Differential responses of several aneusomic cell clones to ultra-violet irradiation. Exp. Cell Res. (in press).
Pardue, M. L., Gall, J. G.: Chromosomal localization of mouse satellite DNA. Science 168, 1356–1358 (1970).
Putnam, F. W.: Protein denaturation. In: The proteins (H. Neurath and K. Bailey, eds.), vol. I, B, p. 807–892. New York: Academic Press 1953.
Schnedl, W.: Analysis of the human karyotype using a reassociation technique. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 448–454 (1971 a).
Schnedl, W.: The karyotype of the mouse. Chromosoma (Berl.) 35, 111–116 (1971 b).
Seabright, M.: A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet, II, 971–972 (1971).
Seabright, M.: The use of proteolytic enzymes for the mapping of structural rearrangements in the chromosomes of man. Chromosoma (Berl.) 36, 204–210 (1972).
Sumner, A. T., Evans, H. J., Buckland, R. A.: New technique for distinguishing between human chromosomes. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 232, 31–32 (1971).
Tanford, C.: Protein denaturation. Advanc. Protein Chem. 23, 121–282 (1968).
Yosida, T. H., Sagai, T.: Banding pattern analysis of polymorphic karyotypes in the black rat by a new differential staining technique. Chromosoma (Berl.) 37, 387–394 (1972).
Yunis, J. J., Roldan, L., Yasmineh, W. G., Lee, J. C.: Staining of satellite DNA in metaphase chromosomes. Nature (Lond.) 231, 532–533 (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution No. 885 from the National Institute of Genetics, Japan.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kato, H., Moriwaki, K. Factors involved in the production of banded structures in mammalian chromosomes. Chromosoma 38, 105–120 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00319958
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00319958