Summary
The cerebellar projection from the lateral reticular nucleus (NRL) was studied in cats by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (the projection to the paramedian lobule was not included, see Brodal, 1975, for afferents to this cortical region). The entire cerebellar cortex and all cerebellar nuclei receive fibres from the NRL. The strongest connection is with the anterior lobe and lobulus VIIIB of the posterior lobe vermis. As concerns the anterior lobe the observations confirm the previous finding by Brodal (1975) that there is a clearcut topical pattern in the nuclear projection to this part of the cerebellum. The observations furthermore show that crus II is the only cerebellar region devoid of fibres from the subtrigeminal part of the NRL.
The cerebellar projection from the NRL is bilateral with a heavy ipsilateral preponderance. The large majority of the labeled cells within the NRL are of the small category (<25 μm in size). This and the other findings are discussed in relation to previous studies on the efferent and afferent connections of the nucleus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, F.D., Berry, C.M.: Degeneration studies of long ascending fiber systems in the cat brain stem. J. comp. Neurol. 111, 195–230 (1959)
Armstrong, D.M., Harvey, R.J., Schild, R.F.: Climbing fibre pathways from the forelimb to the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum. Brain Res. 25, 199–202 (1971)
Armstrong, D.M., Harvey, R.J., Schild, R.F.: Topographical localization in the olivocerebellar projection: An electrophysiological study in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 154, 287–302 (1974)
Batton, R.R. III, Jayaraman, A., Ruggiero, D., Carpenter, M.B.: Fastigial efferent projections in the monkey: an autoradiographic study. J. comp. Neurol. 174, 281–306 (1977)
Brodal, A.: Modification of Gudden method for study of cerebral localization. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 43, 46–58 (1940)
Brodal, A.: The cerebellar connections of the nucleus reticularis lateralis (nucleus funiculi lateralis) in rabbit and cat. Experimental investigations. Acta psychiat. scand. 18, 171–233 (1943)
Brodal, A.: Spinal afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata in the cat. An experimental study. J. comp. Neurol. 91, 259–295 (1949)
Brodal, A., Walberg, F.: The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. IV. The projection to the anterior lobe. J. comp. Neurol. 172, 85–108 (1977)
Brodal, P.: Demonstration of a somatotopically organized projection onto the paramedian lobule and the anterior lobe from the lateral reticular nucleus: An experimental study with the horseradish peroxidase method. Brain Res. 95, 221–239 (1975)
Brodal, P., Maršala, J., Brodal, A.: The cerebral cortical projection to the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat, with special reference to the sensorimotor cortical areas. Brain Res. 6, 252–274 (1967)
Bruckmoser, P., Hepp-Reymond, M.-C., Wiesendanger, M.: Effects of peripheral, rubral, and fastigial stimulation on neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat. Exp. Neurol. 27, 388–398 (1970)
Cajal, R.R.: Cordon latéral et ses noyaux bulbaires. Histologie du Systeme Nerveux de l'homme et des vertebrés. Vol. 1. Paris: Maloine 1909
Chan-Palay, V.: Cerebellar dentate nucleus: organization, cytology and transmitters. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1977
Chan-Palay, V., Palay, S.L., Brown, J.T., Itallie, C. Van.: Sagittal organization of olivocerebellar and reticulocerebellar projections: Autoradiographic studies with 35S-Methionine. Exp. Brain Res. 30, 561–576 (1977)
Clendenin, M., Ekerot, C.-F., Oscarsson, O.: The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. III. Organization of component activated from ipsilateral forelimb tract. Exp. Brain Res. 21, 501–513 (1974a)
Clendenin, M., Ekerot, C.-F., Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. I. Mossy fibre distribution in cerebellar cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 21, 473–486 (1974b)
Clendenin, M., Ekerot, C.-F., Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. II. Organization of component activated from bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT). Exp. Brain Res. 21, 487–500 (1974c)
Clendenin, M., Ekerot, C.-F., Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: Distribution in cerebellar cortex of mossy fibre afferents from the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. Brain Res. 69, 136–139 (1974d)
Clendenin, M., Ekerot, C.-F., Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: Functional organization of two spinocerebellar paths relayed through the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. Brain Res. 69, 140–143 (1974e)
Cohen, C., Chambers, W.W., Sprague, J.M.: Experimental study of the efferent projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the brain stem of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 109, 233–259 (1958)
Cooke, J.D., Oscarsson, O., Sjölund, B.: Termination areas of climbing fibre paths in paramedian lobule. Acta physiol. scand. 84, 37A-38A (1972)
Corvaja, N., Grofová, I., Pompeiano, O., Walberg, F.: The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. I. An experimental anatomical study of its spinal and supraspinal afferent connections. Neuroscience 2, 537–553 (1977a)
Corvaja, N., Grofová, I., Pompeiano, O., Walberg, F.: The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. II. Effects of lateral reticular lesions on posture and reflex movements. Neuroscience 2, 929–943 (1977b)
Courville, J.: Rubrobulbar fibres to the facial nucleus and the lateral reticular nucleus (nucleus of the lateral funiculus). An experimental study in the cat with silver impregnation methods. Brain Res. 1, 317–337 (1966)
Courville, J.: Distribution of olivocerebellar fibers demonstrated by a radioautographic tracing method. Brain Res. 95, 253–263 (1975)
Crichlow, E.C., Kennedy, D.T.: Functional characteristics of neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus with reference to localized cerebellar potentials. Exp. Neurol. 18, 141–153 (1967)
Darian-Smith, I., Phillips, G.: Secondary neurones within a trigemino-cerebellar projection to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 170, 53–68 (1964)
Edwards, S.B.: The ascending and descending projections of the red nucleus in the cat: an experimental study using an autoradiographic tracing method. Brain Res. 48, 45–63 (1972)
Eller, T.W., Chan-Palay, V.: Afferents to the cerebellar lateral nucleus. Evidence from retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase after pressure injections through micropipettes. J. comp. Neurol. 166, 285–301 (1976)
Ghelarducci, B., Pompeiano, O., Spyer, K.M.: Activity of precerebellar reticular neurones as a function of head position. Arch. ital. Biol. 112, 98–125 (1974)
Graham, R.C., Karnovsky, M.J.: The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubule of mouse kidney: Ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14, 291–302 (1966)
Groenewegen, H.J., Voogd, J.: The parasagittal zonal organization within the olivocerebellar projection. I. Climbing fiber distribution in the vermis of the cat cerebellum. J. comp. Neurol. 174, 417–488 (1977)
Groenewegen, H.J., Voogd, J., Freedman, S.L.: The parasagittal zonation within the olivocerebellar projection. II. Climbing fiber distribution in the intermediate and hemispheric parts of cat cerebellum. J. comp. Neurol. (in press)
Hinman, A., Carpenter, M.B.: Efferent fiber projections of the red nucleus in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 113, 61–82 (1959)
Hoddevik, G.H., Brodal, A., Walberg, F.: The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. III. The projection to the vermal visual area. J. comp. Neurol. 169, 55–170 (1976)
Kawamura, K., Brodal, A., Hoddevik, G.H.: The projection of the superior colliculus onto the reticular formation of the brain stem. An experimental anatomical study in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 19, 1–19 (1974)
Keefer, D.A., Christ, J.F.: Distribution of endogenous diaminobenzidine-staining cells in the normal rat brain. Brain Res. 116, 312–316 (1976)
Kitai, S.T., DeFrance, J.F., Hatada, K., Kennedy, D.T.: Electrophysiological properties of lateral reticular nucleus cells: II. Synaptic activation. Exp. Brain Res. 21, 419–432 (1974)
Kuypers, H.G.J.M.: An anatomical analysis of cortico-bulbar connections to the pons and lower brain stem in the cat. J. Anat. (Lond.) 92, 198–218 (1958a)
Kuypers, H.G.J.M.: Some projections from the peri-central cortex to the pons and lower brain stem in monkey and chimpanzee. J. comp. Neurol. 110, 221–255 (1958b)
Kuypers, H.G.J.M.: Cortico-bulbar connections to the pons and lower brain stem in man. Brain 81, 364–388 (1958c)
Künzle, H.: The topographic organization of spinal afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 149, 103–116 (1973)
Künzle, H.: Autoradiographic tracing of the cerebellar projections from the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 22, 255–266 (1975)
Künzle, H., Wiesendanger, M.: Pyramidal connections to the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat: a degeneration study. Acta anat. (Basel) 88, 105–114 (1974)
Ladpli, R., Brodal, A.: Experimental studies of commissural and reticular formation projections from the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Brain Res. 8, 65–96 (1968)
Larsell, O.: The comparative anatomy and histology of the cerebellum from monotremes through apes. (J. Jansen, ed.) Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press 1970
Matsushita, M., Ikeda, M.: Projections from the lateral reticular nucleus to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 24, 403–421 (1976)
McCrea, R.A., Bishop, G.A., Kitai, S.T.: Electrophysiological and horseradish peroxidase studies of precerebellar afferents to the nucleus interpositus anterior. II. Mossy fiber system. Brain Res. 122, 215–228 (1977)
Mehler, W.R.: Some neurological species differences—a posteriori. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 424–468 (1969)
Mehler, W.R., Feferman, M.E., Nauta, W.J.H.: Ascending axon degeneration following anterolateral cordotomy. An experimental study in the monkey. Brain 83, 718–750 (1960)
Mizuno, N., Konishi, A., Nakamura, Y.: An electron microscope study of synaptic organization in the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata in the cat. Brain Res. 94, 369–381 (1975)
Mizuno, N., Mochizuki, K., Akimoto, C., Matsushima, R., Nakamura, Y.: Rubrobulbar projections in the rabbit. A light and electron microscopic study. J. comp. Neurol. 147, 267–280 (1973)
Mizuno, N., Nakamura, Y.: An electron microscope study of spinal afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata in the cat. Brain Res. 53, 187–191 (1973)
Morin, F., Kennedy, D.T., Gardner, E.: Spinal afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus. I. An histological study. J. comp. Neurol. 126, 511–522 (1966)
Nauta, W.J.H., Kuypers, H.G.J.M.: Some ascending pathways in the brain stem reticular formation. In: Reticular formation of the brain (H.H. Jasper, L.D. Proctor, R.S. Knighton, W.C. Noshay and R.T. Costello, eds.). Boston, Mass: Little Brown 1958
Oscarsson, O.: The sagittal organization of the cerebellar anterior lobe as revealed by the projection patterns of the climbing fiber system. In: Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development. (R. Llinás, ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Amer. med. Ass. 1969
Oscarsson, O.: Functional organization of spinocerebellar paths. In: Handbook of sensory physiology. Vol. II. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1973)
Oscarsson, O., Sjölund, B.: Identification of 5 spino-olivocerebellar paths ascending through the ventral funiculus of the cord. Brain Res. 69, 331–335 (1974)
Poitras, D., Parent, A.: Atlas of the distribution of monoamine-containing nerve cell bodies in the brain stem of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 179, 699–718 (1978)
Rosén, I., Scheid, P.: Cutaneous afferent responses in neurones of the lateral reticular nucleus. Brain Res. 43, 259–263 (1972)
Rosén, I., Scheid, P.: Patterns of afferent input to the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 18, 242–255 (1973a)
Rosén, I., Scheid, P.: Responses to nerve stimulation in the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) of the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 18, 256–267 (1973b)
Rosén, I., Scheid, P.: Responses in the spino-reticulo-cerebellar pathways to stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Exp. Brain Res. 18, 268–278 (1973c)
Szabo, Th., Albe-Fessard, D.: Répartition et characteres des afferences somesthésiques et d'origine corticale sur le lobe paramédian du chat. J. Physiol. 46, 528–531 (1954)
Voogd, J.: The cerebellum of the cat. Structure and fibre connexions. Thesis. Assen: Van Gorcum 1964
Voogd, J.: Comparative aspects of the structure and fibre connexions of the mammalian cerebellum. In: Progress in brain research. Vol. 25. (C.A. Fox and R.S. Snider, eds.) Amsterdam: Elsevier 1967
Voogd, J.: The importance of fiber connections in the comparative anatomy of the mammalian cerebellum. In: Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development. (R. Llinás, ed.) Chicago, Illinois: Amer. med. Ass. 1969
Walberg, F.: The lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata in mammals. J. comp. Neurol. 96, 283–343 (1952)
Walberg, F.: Descending connections to the lateral reticular nucleus. An experimental study in cat. J. comp. Neurol. 109, 363–386 (1958a)
Walberg, F.: On the termination of the rubrobulbar fibers. Experimental observations in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 110, 65–73 (1958b)
Walberg, F., Brodal, A., Hoddevik, G.H.: Notes on the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase as a tool in studies of afferent cerebellar connections, particularly those from the inferior olive, with comments on the orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Exp. Brain Res. 24, 383–401 (1976)
Walberg, F., Pompeiano, O.: Fastigiofugal fibers to the lateral reticular nucleus. An experimental study in the cat. Exp. Neurol. 2, 40–53 (1960)
Wong-Riley, M.T.T.: Endogenous peroxidase activity in brainstem neurons as demonstrated by their staining with diamino-benzidine in normal squirrel monkeys. Brain Res. 108, 257–277 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dietrichs, E., Walberg, F. The cerebellar projection from the lateral reticular nucleus as studied with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Anat Embryol 155, 273–290 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317641
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317641