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Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Klassifikation von Hypophysenadenomen

Light and electron microscopic studies for classification of pituitary adenomas

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Summary

85 surgically removed pituitary adenomas were studied by light and electron microscopical and in part immunohistochemical methods. The tumors were histologically classified and reexamined by the ultrastructure.

Histochemically the adenomas could be differentiated in acidophil adenomas (1. group, 41%), mucoid cell adenomas (2. group, 6%), and chromophobe adenomas (3. group, 37%) whereas oncocytic adenomas (4. group, 16%) could be identified only in plastic-embedded sections.

About half of the acidophil adenomas were highly differentiated and showed structures which correspond to those of normal STH cells (subgroup 1.1). 1 adenoma consisted of cells of prolactin type (subgroup 1.2). The other acidophil adenomas were differentiated to a lower degree and showed no resemblance to the structures of normal acidophil cells.

The 5 mucoid cell adenomas were proved to be with all methods highly differentiated adenomas of ACTH-cell type (subgroup 2.1). TSH-cell adenomas (subgroup 2.2) and lower differentiated mucoid cell adenomas (subgroup 2.0) were lacking in our collection.

More than one third of the chromophobe adenomas showed well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. The other had little and small organellas that resemblances to immature stem cells were evident.

The oncocytic adenomas were identified in plastic-embedded sections by their fine-granular structures which were based ultrastructurally not on small secretory granules but on closely arranged mitochondrias.

Zusammenfassung

85 operativ gewonnene Hypophysenadenome wurden licht- und elektronenoptisch sowie teilweise immunhistologisch untersucht und nach lichtmikroskopischen Kriterien unter Kontrolle durch die Ultrastruktur klassifiziert.

Nach dem histochemischen Verhalten ergab sich eine Einteilung in acidophile Adenome (1. Gruppe, 41%), mucoidzellige Adenome (2. Gruppe, 6%) und chromophobe Adenome (3. Gruppe, 37%), während die onkocytären Adenome (4. Gruppe, 16%) nur durch Kunststoffschnitte sicher abzugrenzen waren.

51% der acidophilen Adenome waren hochdifferenziert. Ihre Tumorzellen ähnelten normalen STH-Zellen (Untergruppe 1,1). 1 Adenom war aus Zellen vom Prolactin-Typ (Untergruppe 2,2) aufgebaut. Die übrigen acidophilen Adenome waren geringer differenziert (Untergruppe 1,0) und ließen keine wesentliche Ähnlichkeit mit den Strukturen normaler acidophiler Zellen erkennen.

Die 5 mucoidzelligen Adenome stellten sich mit allen angewandten Methoden als ACTH-Zelladenome (Untergruppe 2,1) heraus. TSH-Zelladenome (Untergruppe 2,2) fehlten in unserem Kollektiv.

Mehr als 1 Drittel der chromophoben Adenome besaß reichlich Protein-bildendes Organellensystem. Die restlichen waren organellenarm und zeigten überwiegend Strukturen unausgereifter Stammzellen.

Die onkocytären Adenome waren mit Hilfe von Kunststoffschnitten an ihrer feingranulären Cytoplasmazeichnung zu identifizieren. Diese beruhte nicht auf Sekretgranula, sondern auf dem Reichtum und der dichten Lagerung von Mitochondrien.

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    W. Saeger

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Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h. c. Carl Krauspe zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.

Mit Unterstützung durch den Sonderforschungsbereich Endokrinologie (SFB 34) der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Saeger, W. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Klassifikation von Hypophysenadenomen. Z. Krebsforsch. 84, 105–128 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00304037

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