Summary
Reciprocal sexual crosses were performed to produce plants heterozygous at four nuclear loci, two of which coded for phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and shikimic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) isozymes and could be visualized in petiole callus tissue. Clones of one reciprocal always exhibited the heterozygous phenotype at both isozyme loci, but 25.8% of clones of the other exhibited loss of the fast migrating electromorph at the PGM locus while remaining 100% heterozygous at the SDH locus. No reversion to heterozygosity was observed and the variant phenotype was transmitted to regenerated plantlets. All regenerates were karyologically and developmentally abnormal, and studies of the inheritance of this variability were therefore not possible. Epigenetic change, point mutation, and somatic recombination were ruled out as possible causes due to gross incongruencies with the phenomenon. No consistent differences between normal and variant clones were detected with respect to chromosome number, structure, and anomalous disjunction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnison PG, Boll WG (1974) Isoenzymes in cell cultures of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. ‘Contender’): changes during the callus culture cycle and differences between stock cultures. Can J Bot 52:2621–2629
Arnison PG, Boll WG (1975) Isoenzymes in cell cultures of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. ‘Contender’) isoenzymatic differences between stock suspension cultures derived from a single seedling. Can J Bot 53:261–271
Arus P, Orton TJ (1983) Inheritance and linkage of eight genes of celery (Apium graveolens). J Hered (submitted)
Ashmore SE, Gould AR (1981) Karyotype evolution in a tumor derived plant tissue culture analysed by Giemsa C-banding. Protoplasma 106:297–308
Bayliss MW (1980) Chromosomal variation in plant tissues in culture. Int Rev Cytol 11A:113–143
Browers MA, Orton TJ (1982) A factorial study of chromosomal variability in callus cultures of celery (Apium graveolens L.) Plant Sci Lett 26:65–73
D'Amato F (1975) The problem of genetic stability in plant tissue and cell cultures In: Frankel O, Hawkes JG (eds) Crop resources for today and tomorrow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 333–348
Kao KN, Miller RA, Gamborg OL, Harvey BL (1970) Variations in chromosome number and structure in plant cells grown in suspension cultures. Can J Genet Cytol 12:297–301
Kao KN (1975) A nuclear staining method for plant protoplasts. In: Gamborg OL, Wetter LR (eds) Plant tissue culture methods NRCC. Saskatoon, Canada, pp 60–62
Kidwell MG, Kidwell JF, Sved JA (1977) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: a syndrome of aberrant traits including mutation, sterility, and male recombination. Genetics 86:813–833
Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR (1981) Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60:197–214
Lee DW, Dougall DK (1973) Electrophoretic variation in glutamate dehydrogenases and other isoenzymes in wild carrot cells cultured in the presence or absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. In Vitro 8:347–352
Liu MG, Chen WH (1976) Tissue and cell culture as aids to sugarcane breeding. 1. Creation of genetic variation through callus culture. Euphytica 25:393–403
Maliga P, Kiss FR, Nagy AH, Lazar G (1978) Genetic instability in somatic hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana knightiana. Mol Gen Genet 163:145–152
Maliga P, Kiss R, Dix PJ, Lazar G, Kiss R (1979) A streptomycin resistant line of Nicotiana sylvestris unable to flower. Mol Gen Genet 172:13–16
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Murata M, Orton TJ (1983) Chromosome structural changes in cultured celery cells. In Vitro 19:83–89
Orgihara Y (1981) Tissue culture in Haworthia. 4. Genetic characterization of plants regenerated from callus. Theor Appl Genet 60:353–363
Orton TJ (1980) Chromosomal variability in tissue cultures and regenerated plant of Hordeum. Theor Appl Genet 56:101–112
Orton, TJ (1983) Celery and celeriac (Apium graveolens L.). In: Sharp WR, Evans DA, Ammirato PV (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol 2. MacMillin, New York (in press)
Partanen CR (1963) Plant tissue culture in relation to developmental cytology. Int Rev Cytol 15:215–243
Ruddle FH, Creagan RO (1975) Parasexual approaches to the genetics of man. Ann Rev Genet 9:407–486
Sacristan MD, Melchers G (1969) The caryological analysis of plants regenerated from tumorous and other callus cultures of tobacco. Mol Gen Genet 105:317–333
Singh BD, Harvey BL, Kao KN, Miller RA (1975) Karyotypic changes and selection pressure in Haplopappus gracilis suspension cultures. Can J Genet Cytol 17:109–116
Skirvin RM (1978) Natural and induced variation in tissue culture. Euphytica 27:241–266
Sunderland N (1973) Nuclear cytology. In: Street HE (ed) Plant cell and tissue culture. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 161–190
Williams L, Collin HA (1976) Embryogenesis and plantlet formation in tissue cultures of celery. Ann Bot 40:325–332
Woodman JC, Freeling M (1981) Identification of a genetic element that controls the organ-specific expression of Adhl in maize. Genetics 98:357–378
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R. W. Allard
Supported by USDA competitive grant No. 59-2063-01449 and a grant from the California Celery Research Advisory Board
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Orton, T.J. Spontaneous electrophoretic and chromosomal variability in callus cultures and regenerated plants of celery. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 67, 17–24 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303916
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303916