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Influence of cadmium on calcium transfer through the duodenal wall in rats

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Abstract

Five-week-old female albino rats were given different doses of cadmium chloride by gastric intubation daily for 1 (or 2) weeks. They were killed on 8th (or 15th) day of the experiment. Calcium-45 was used as marker to assess calcium transfer through and its retention in the duodenal wall by the everted gut sac method of Wilson and Wiseman. In all animals liver, kidney and femur wet weight was also determined.

There was no significant difference in any of the parameters between rats receiving no cadmium and those who daily received 0.002 or 0.02 mg cadmium. Significantly increased calcium transfer was observed in rats given daily 0.2 mg of cadmium.

A daily dose of 2.0 mg cadmium significantly decreased calcium transfer, an effect which was independent of whether the rats were killed on 8th or 15th day of the experiment. The same effect, with a significantly decreased uptake of 45Ca in the duodenal wall and heavier liver was a result of administration of 15 mg of cadmium (divided in two doses).

Kidneys and femurs were lighter after 7 days of treatment with 2.0 mg of cadmium, but the same cadmium dose over a fortnight produced a significant increase in the weight of kidneys.

The results are discussed in the light of direct cadmium-induced membrane alterations and those which are due to inhibited activation of vitamin D.

Zusammenfassung

Fünf Wochen alte Weibchen der weißen Ratte erhielten täglich in der Dauer von einer (oder zwei) Wochen mittels der Magensonde verschiedene Dosen von Kadmiumchlorid und wurden am 8. (oder 15.) Tage des Versuches getötet. Kalzium-45 wurde zum Kennzeichnen zwecks Einsicht des Transportes von Kalzium in der Darmwand und sein Verbleiben in der Wand des Zwölffingerdarmes mittels der Methode des „umgestülpten Darmsackes“ verwendet. Allen Versuchstieren wurde das Naßgewicht der Leber, Niere und Femur bestimmt.

In keinem von diesen Parametern waren bedeutende Unterschiede zwischen den Ratten, die kein Kadmium und jenen, die täglich 0,002–0,02 mg Kadmium erhielten. Der Transport des Kalziums durch die Duodenalwand wurde bei den Ratten, die innerhalb von 7 Tagen 0,2 mg Kadmium erhielten, erheblich vergrößert.

Die Dosis von 2,0 mg Kadmium täglich verminderte den Transport des Kalziums erheblich, unabhängig davon, ob die Tiere am 8. oder 15. Tag der Probe getötet wurden. Derselbe Effekt bei bedeutend verminderter Aufnahme von 45Ca durch die Zwölffingerdarmwand und schwerere Leber wurden auch nach einer Gesamtdosis von 15 mg Kadmium (aufgeteilt in zwei Dosen) beobachtet.

Die Nieren und Femur waren bei den Tieren leichter, die während 7 Tagen je 2,0 mg Kadmium erhielten, während die gleiche Dosis 14 Tage hindurch angewandt bedeutend schwerere Nieren verursachte.

Die Resultate wurden im Aspekt der Veränderungen in der Membrane diskutiert, welche durch Anwendung von Kadmium — sei es direkt oder durch die Inhibition der Aktivierung von Vitamin D — entstehen.

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Gruden, N. Influence of cadmium on calcium transfer through the duodenal wall in rats. Arch Toxicol 37, 149–154 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00293865

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00293865

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