Summary
Eight Nicotiana species including the putative progenitors of N. tabacum, Kostoff's amphidiploid (N. sylvestris × N. tomentosiformis), and 19 cultivars have been compared for total polyphenols, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity in the leaf and/or root by a small plant technique. Greater variations for these chemical constituents occurred in the species than in the cultivars. N. tomentosiformis was highest in polyphenol content. Root extracts contained more polyphenoloxidase than the leaf, but its peroxidase content may not exceed the concentration in the leaf. The Kostoff's amphidiploid tended to resemble more the low oxidase and polyphenol parent. An additional study based on mature green leaves of Burley 21, the progenitor species, and their F 1 hybrids confirmed the quantitative differences of these chemical constituents in the species. The magnitude of the heterosis appeared to be greater in the hybrids of N. tomentosiformis or N. otophora crossed to N. sylvestris than those between the Tomentosae members or involving Burley 21 as the parent. An exception was the hybrid Burley 21 × N. tomentosiformis which showed heterosis for oxidase activities.
Zusammenfassung
Acht Nicotiana-Spezies einschl. der vermutlichen Eltern von N. tabacum, Kostoffs Amphidiploid (N. sylvestris × N. tomentosiformis) und 19 Sorten wurden auf ihren Gehalt an Polyphenolen und auf die Polyphenoloxidase- und Peroxidaseaktivität in den Blättern und/oder Wurzeln in einem Pflanzen-Kleinversuch verglichen. Bei den Spezies ergaben sich größere Abweichungen für diese chemischen Substanzen als bei den Sorten. N. tomentosiformis hatte den höchsten Polyphenolgehalt. Wurzelextrakte enthielten mehr Polyphenoloxidase als Blattextrakte, der Peroxidasegehalt dürfte aber die Konzentration in den Blättern nicht übersteigen. Kostoffs Amphidiploid schien mehr dem Elter mit niedriger Oxidase-aktivität und niedrigem Polyphenolgehalt zu ähneln. Eine weitere Untersuchung anhand von ausgewachsenen grünen Blättern von Burley 21 als Elter-Spezies und ihren F1-Hybriden bestätigte die quantitativen Unterschiede in diesen chemischen Bestandteilen der Spezies. Das Ausmaß der Heterosis schien stärker in den Hybriden von N. tomentosiformis oder N. otophora bei Kreuzung mit N. sylvestris als innerhalb der Tomentosae oder bei Einbeziehung von Burley 21 als Elter. Eine Ausnahme bildete die Hybride aus Burley 21 × N. tomentosiformis, die bezüglich der Oxidaseaktivität Heterosis zeigte.
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Communicated by R. W. Allard
Contribution from the Tobacco and Health Research Institute, and the Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40 506. This investigation was supported by a contract with the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, administered by the Crops Research Division, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland.
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Sheen, S.J. Polyphenol content, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity in certain Nicotiana species, varieties and interspecific hybrids. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 40, 45–49 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00277268
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00277268