Summary
A mutational alteration either in adenylate cyclase (cya -) or in cyclic-3′5′-AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (crp -) rendered Salmonella typhimurium incapable of producing flagella. The amount of mRNA specific for flagellin in these mutants was almost negligible when assayed in an in vitro protein synthesizing system. A secondary mutation, cfs, partially suppressing the cya - mutation, was identified among the revertants of cya -. A mutation in the same cistron as cfs resulted in a non-flagellate phenotype either by itself or in combination with cfs. The cistron, which was given the gene symbol flaT, was located between flaE and flaL. It was suggested that cAMP receptor protein together with cAMP modulates the gene flaT, which in turn acts as a positive effector on the synthesis of active mRNA specific for flagellin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, M. H.: Bacteriophages. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York (1959)
Adelberg, E. A., Mandel, M., Chen, G. C. C.: Optimal conditions for mutagenesis by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Escherichia coli K 12. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 18, 788–795 (1965)
Adler, J., Templeton, B. J.: The effect of environmental conditions on the motility of Escherichia coli. J. gen. Microbiol. 46, 175–184 (1967)
Berkowitz, D.: d-Mannitol utilization in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bact. 105, 232–240 (1971)
Enomoto, M., Iino, T.: Colonial dimorphism in non-motile Salmonella. J. Bact. 86, 473–477 (1963)
Eron, L., Block, R.: Mechanism of initiation and repression of in vitro transcription of the lac operon of Escherichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 1828–1832 (1971)
Gesteland, R. F.: Isolation and characterization of ribonuclease I mutants of Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 16, 67–84 (1966)
Gilman, A. G.: A protein binding assay for adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 67, 305–312 (1970)
Hong, J., Smith, G. R., Ames, B. N.: Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate concentration in the bacterial host regulates the viral decision between lysogeny and lysis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2258–2262 (1971)
Ide, M.: Adenyl cyclase of Escherichia coli. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 36, 42–46 (1969)
Iino, T.: Genetics and chemistry of bacterial flagella. Bact. Rev. 33, 454–475 (1969)
Iino, T., Enomoto, M.: Genetical studies of non-flagellate mutants of Salmonella. J. gen. Microbiol. 43, 315–327 (1966)
Jost, J. P., Rickenberg, H. V.: Cyclic AMP. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 40, 741–774 (1971)
Joys, T. M., Stocker, B. A. D.: Complementation of nonflagellate Salmonella mutants. J. gen. Microbiol. 41, 47–55 (1965)
Lederberg, J.: Linear inheritance in transductional clones. Genetics 41, 845–871 (1956)
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., Randall, R. J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
Meynell, E. W.: A phage ϕΞ, which attacks motile bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 25, 253–290 (1961)
Miller, J. H.: Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1972)
Nakazawa, T., Yokota, T.: Requirement of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate for l-arabinose isomerase synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bact. 113, 1412–1418 (1973)
Nissley, S. P., Anderson, W. B., Gottesman, M. E., Perlman, R. L., Pastan, I.: In vitro transcription of the gal operon requires cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein. J. biol. Chem. 246, 4671–4678 (1971)
Pastan, I., Perlman, R.: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in bacteria. Science 169, 339–344 (1970)
Patterson-Delafield, J., Martinez, R. J., Stocker, B. A. D., Yamaguchi, S.: A new fla gene in Salmonella typhimurium-flaR-and its mutant phenotype-superhooks. Arch. Microbiol. 90, 107–120 (1973)
Perlman, R., Pastan, I.: Pleiotropic deficiency of carbohydrate utilization in adenyl cyclase deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 37, 151–157 (1969)
Potter, K., Chaloner-Larsson, G., Yamazaki, H.: Abnormally high rate of cyclic AMP excretion from an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in cyclic AMP receptor protein. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 57, 379–385 (1974)
Rickenberg, H. V.: Cyclic AMP in prokaryotes. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 28, 353–369 (1974)
Sanderson, K. E.: Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, edition IV. Bact. Rev. 36, 558–586 (1972)
Schmieger, H.: A method for detection of phage mutants with altered transducing ability. Molec. gen. Genet. 110, 378–381 (1971)
Schwartz, D., Beckwith, J. R.: Mutants missing a factor necessary for the expression of catabolite sensitive operons in E. coli. In: The lactose operon, Beckwith, J. R., Zipser, D., eds., p. 417–422. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1970)
Shizuta, Y., Hayaishi, O.: Regulation of biodegradative threonine deaminase synthesis in Escherichia coli by cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate. J. biol. Chem. 245, 5416–5423 (1970)
Silverman, M., Simon, M.: Characterization of Escherichia coli flagellar mutants that are insensitive to catabolite repression. J. Bact. 120, 1196–1203 (1974)
Silverstone, A. E., Arditti, R. R., Magasanik, B.: Catabolite-insensitive revertants of lac promoter mutants. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 66, 773–779 (1970)
Silverstone, A. E., Magasanik, B., Reznikoff, W. S., Miller, J. H., Beckwith, J. R.: Catabolite sensitive site of the lac operon. Nature (Lond.) 221, 1012–1014 (1969)
Smith, H. O., Levine, M.: A phage P22 gene controlling integration of prophage. Virology 31, 207–216 (1967)
Stocker, B. A. D.: Abortive transduction of motility in Salmonella: a non replicated gene transmitted through many generations to single descendant J. gen. Microbiol. 15, 575–598 (1956)
Suzuki, H., Iino, T.: In vitro synthesis of phase-specific flagellin of Salmonella. J. molec. Biol. 81, 57–70 (1973)
Yamaguchi, S., Iino, T., Horiguchi, T., Ohta, K.: Genetic analysis of fla and mot cistrons closely linked to H1 in Salmonella abortusequi and its derivatives. J. gen. Microbiol. 70, 59–75 (1972)
Yokota, T., Gots, J. S.: Requirement of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate for flagella formation in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bact. 103, 513–516 (1970)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. G. Wittmann
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Komeda, Y., Suzuki, H., Ishidsu, Ji. et al. The role of cAMP in flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium . Molec. Gen. Genet. 142, 289–298 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271253
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271253